Sensory Characteristics of Various Concentrations of Phenolic Compounds Potentially Associated with Smoked Aroma in Foods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Panelists
3.2. Chemicals
3.3. Sample Preparation
3.4. Evaluation Procedure. All Chemicals Were Coded with 3-Digit Numbers and the Order in Which Chemicals Were Evaluated Was Randomized
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: All compounds are commercially available. |
Smoky | Ashy | Woody |
---|---|---|
Musty-Dusty | Musty/Earthy | Burnt |
Acrid | Pungent | Petroleum-like |
Creosote/Tar | Cedar |
Chemicals | Odor Characteristics of Smoky Chemicals at Different Concentrations (ppm) * | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 10 | 100 | 1000 | 5000 | 10,000 | 100,000 | |
Phenol Derivatives | |||||||
m-Cresol | smoky, petroleum-like | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, petroleum-like | smoky, musty/dusty, petroleum-like | ||||
o-Cresol | smoky, woody, musty/dusty | smoky | smoky, ashy, woody, musty/dusty, acrid, pungent | smoky, musty/dusty, petroleum-like | smoky, musty/dusty, acrid, pungent, petroleum-like, cedar | ||
p-Cresol | smoky | smoky, musty/dusty | smoky, musty/dusty, petroleum-like | smoky, petroleum-like | smoky, musty/dusty, petroleum-like | smoky, musty/dusty, pungent, petroleum-like | |
2,5-Dimethylphenol | - | smoky, woody, musty/dusty | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, pungent | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, pungent, cedar | smoky, ashy, woody, musty/dusty, burnt, acrid, pungent, petroleum-like | ||
2,4-Dimethylphenol | smoky | musty/dusty | Smoky, woody, musty/dusty | Smoky, woody, musty/dusty, pungent, cedar | Smoky, woody, musty/earthy, pungent, petroleum-like | Smoky, ashy, burnt, acrid, pungent | |
3,4-Dimethylphenol | - | smoky | smoky, woody, musty/dusty | ||||
3-Ethyl-5-methylphenol | smoky | smoky, woody, musty/dusty | smoky, woody | smoky, woody, acrid, pungent | |||
Carvacrol | smoky | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, pungent, cedar | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, pungent, petroleum-like, cedar | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, pungent, cedar | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, pungent, petroleum-like, cedar | ||
Thymol | smoky, woody | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, cedar | smoky, musty/dusty, pungent, petroleum-like | woody, musty/dusty, pungent, cedar | pungent | ||
2,4,6-Trimethylphenol | smoky, woody | smoky, musty/dusty | smoky, ashy, musty/earthy, burnt, acrid, pungent | ||||
Guaiacol Derivatives | |||||||
Guaiacol | smoky, woody | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, petroleum-like | smoky, musty/dusty, pungent | smoky, musty/dusty, pungent, cedar | smoky, musty/earthy, pungent, cedar | ||
4-Ethylguaiacol | smoky | smoky, woody | smoky, ashy, woody, burnt | smoky, woody | smoky, woody, pungent, cedar | smoky, ashy, woody, musty/dusty acrid, pungent, cedar | |
Eugenol | - | smoky | Smoky, musty/dusty | smoky, musty/dusty | smoky, woody, musty/earthy | ||
Isoeugenol | smoky, woody | smoky, woody, musty/dusty | smoky, woody, cedar | smoky, woody, pungent, cedar | |||
2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol | smoky, woody | smoky, woody, musty/dusty | smoky, woody, pungent | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, pungent | |||
2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol | smoky | - | Smoky, woody | smoky | Smoky, woody, musty/dusty | ||
Syringol Derivatives | |||||||
2,6-Dimethoxyphenol | - | smoky | smoky, woody, pungent | smoky, woody, musty/dusty, pungent | |||
4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | - | smoky, musty/dusty | smoky, woody, musty/dusty | smoky, woody, cedar | smoky, woody, pungent, petroleum-like, cedar |
m-Cresol at 100 ppm | o-Cresol at 1000 ppm | ||
---|---|---|---|
smoky | 2.5 | smoky | 3.0 |
musty/dusty | 2.0 | musty/dusty | 2.5 |
petroleum-like | 2.0 | petroleum-like | 2.0 |
chemical | 2.5 | chemical | 2.5 |
p-Cresol at 100 ppm | 2,4-Dimethylphenol at 1000 ppm | ||
smoky | 1.5 | smoky | 2.5 |
musty/dusty | 1.5 | woody | 2.0 |
petroleum-like | 1.5 | musty/dusty | 2.0 |
2,5-Dimethylphenol at 10 ppm | 3-Ethyl-5-methylphenol at 10 ppm | ||
smoky | 2.0 | smoky | 2.0 |
woody | 1.5 | woody | 1.5 |
musty/dusty | 2.0 | musty/dusty | 1.5 |
Thymol at 100 ppm | Carvacrol at 10 ppm | ||
smoky | 2.0 | smoky | 2.5 |
woody | 2.0 | woody | 2.5 |
musty/dusty | 1.5 | musty/dusty | 2.0 |
cedar | 2.5 | pungent | 2.0 |
cedar | 2.5 | ||
2,4,6-Trimethylphenol at 10 ppm | 3,4-Dimethylphenol at 5000 ppm | ||
smoky | 2.0 | smoky | 2.0 |
woody | 1.5 |
Guaiacol Derivatives | |||
---|---|---|---|
Guaiacol at 100 ppm | 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol at 100 ppm | ||
smoky | 3.5 | smoky | 3.5 |
woody | 3.0 | woody | 2.0 |
musty/dusty | 2.0 | pungent | 2.0 |
petroleum-like | 1.5 | sweet/floral | 2.5 |
Eugenol at 5000 ppm | Isoeugenol at 5000 ppm | ||
Smoky | 1.5 | smoky | 3.5 |
woody | 2.0 | woody | 3.5 |
musty/earthy | 2.5 | pungent | 2.0 |
pungent | 2.0 | cedar | 3.5 |
cedar | 2.0 | ||
2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol at 100 ppm | 4-Ethylguaiacol at 100 ppm | ||
smoky | 2.0 | smoky | 3.0 |
woody | 1.5 | woody | 2.0 |
Syringol Derivatives | |||
2,6–Dimethoxyphenol at 1000 ppm | 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol at 10 ppm | ||
smoky | 3.5 | smoky | 2.0 |
woody | 2.0 | woody | 1.5 |
pungent | 1.5 | musty/dusty | 1.5 |
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Wang, H.; Chambers IV, E. Sensory Characteristics of Various Concentrations of Phenolic Compounds Potentially Associated with Smoked Aroma in Foods. Molecules 2018, 23, 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040780
Wang H, Chambers IV E. Sensory Characteristics of Various Concentrations of Phenolic Compounds Potentially Associated with Smoked Aroma in Foods. Molecules. 2018; 23(4):780. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040780
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Hongwei, and Edgar Chambers IV. 2018. "Sensory Characteristics of Various Concentrations of Phenolic Compounds Potentially Associated with Smoked Aroma in Foods" Molecules 23, no. 4: 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040780