Histamine: A Mediator of Intestinal Disorders—A Review
Abstract
:1. Histamine
1.1. Synthesis and Degradation of Histamine
1.2. Sources of Histamine in the Body
2. Histamine Scheme of Action through Histamine Receptors
2.1. H1R
2.2. H2R
2.3. H3R
2.4. H4R
3. Histamine in the Intestines
4. Role of Histamine in Intestine Disorders
4.1. Food Allergy
4.2. Histamine Intolerance
4.3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
4.4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
4.5. Scombroid Poisoning
4.6. Colorectal Cancer
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symptoms of Histamine Intolerance | |
---|---|
Respiratory system | rhinorrhea, rhinitis, nasal congestion, dyspnea, sneezing |
Cardiovascular system | tachycardia, hypotonia, collapse |
Gastrointestinal system | bloating, flatulence, postprandial fullness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, vomiting |
Reproductive system | menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea |
Skin | pruritus, flushing, urticarial, dermatitis, swelling |
Nervous system | headache/migraine, dizziness, chronic inappropriate fatigue, nervousness, sleep disturbances (insomnia), anxiety, panic disorder, depression |
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Smolinska, S.; Winiarska, E.; Globinska, A.; Jutel, M. Histamine: A Mediator of Intestinal Disorders—A Review. Metabolites 2022, 12, 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100895
Smolinska S, Winiarska E, Globinska A, Jutel M. Histamine: A Mediator of Intestinal Disorders—A Review. Metabolites. 2022; 12(10):895. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100895
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmolinska, Sylwia, Ewa Winiarska, Anna Globinska, and Marek Jutel. 2022. "Histamine: A Mediator of Intestinal Disorders—A Review" Metabolites 12, no. 10: 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100895