Development of Marine-Derived Compounds for Cancer Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Overview on the Marine-Derived Anticancer Compounds
2.1. Commercial Marine-Derived Drugs
2.2. Marine-Derived Compounds in Phase III Clinical Status
2.3. Marine-Derived Compounds in Phase II Clinical Status
2.4. Marine-Derived Compounds in Phase I Clinical Status
2.5. Potential Marine-Derived Anticancer Drugs
3. Developing Technologies in Marine Drug Discovery
3.1. Emerging Technologies for Extraction and Separation
3.2. Developing Technologies for Structure Characterization
3.3. Innovative Screening Methods for Bioactive Compounds
4. Perspective of Marine-Derived Anticancer Compounds
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound Name | Marine Organism | Chemical Class | Molecular Target (Target Hallmarks) | Cancer Type | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crytarabine | Sponge | Nucleoside | DNA polymerase | Leukemia | [8,9,10,11] |
Eribulin mesylate | Sponge | Macrolide | Microtubules | Metastatic breast cancer | [8,9,12,13] |
Brentuximab vedotin | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | CD30 and microtubules | Anaplastic large T-cell systemic malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin disease | [8,14,15] |
Trabectedin | Tunicate | Alkaloid | Minor groove of DNA | Soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer | [8,16,17,18] |
Plitidepsin | Tunicate | Dipsipetide | eEF1A2 | Multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma | [8,19,20,21,22] |
Polatuzumab vedotin | Mollusk/cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAF) | CD76b and microtubules | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, folicular | [8,23,24] |
Enfortumab vedotin | Mollusk/cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | Nectin-4 | Metastatic urothelial cancer | [8,25] |
Belantamab mafodotin | Mollusk/cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAF) | BCMA | Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma | [8,26] |
Lurbinectedin | Tunicate | Alkaloid | RNA polymerase II | Metastatic small-cell lung cancer | [8,27,28,29,30] |
Compound Name | Marine Organism | Chemical Class | Molecular Target (Target Hallmarks) | Cancer Type | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marizomib | Bacterium | β-lactone-γ lactam | 20S proteasome | Non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, multiple myeloma | [8,37,38,39,40,41,42,43] |
Plinabulin | Fungus | Diketopiperazine | Microtubules | Non-small-cell lung cancer, brain tumor | [8,44,45,46,47] |
Compound Name | Marine Organism | Chemical Class | Molecular Target (Target Hallmarks) | Cancer Type | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W0101 | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | IGF-R1 | Advanced or metastatic solid tumors | [8,49,50] |
CX-2029 | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | CD71 | Solid tumor, head and neck cancer, Non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | [8,51,52,53] |
CAB-ROR2 | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | ROR2 | Solid tumor, non-small-cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma | [8,54] |
RC48 | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | HER2 | Urothelial carcinoma, advanced cancer, gastric cancer, HER2-overexpressing gastric carcinoma, advanced breast cancer, solid tumors | [8,55,56,57] |
Enapotamab vedotin | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | Axl RTK | Ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer | [8,58,59,60] |
Telisotuzumab vedotin | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | c-Met | Solid tumors | [8,61,62,63,64] |
Ladiratuzumab vedotin | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | LIV-1 and microtubules | Breast cancer | [8,65,66,67] |
Tisotumab vedotin | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | Tissue factor and microtubules | Ovary cancer, cervix cancer, endometrium cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer (CRPC), cancer of head and neck (SCCHN), esophagus cancer, lung cancer (NSCLC) | [8,68,69] |
AGS-16C3F | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAF) | ENPP3 and microtubules | Renal cell carcinoma | [8,70,71,72] |
Plocabulin | Sponge | Polyketide | Minor groove of DNA | Solid tumors | [8,73,74,75,76] |
Compound Name | Marine Organism | Chemical Class | Molecular Target (Target Hallmarks) | Cancer Type | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MORAb-202 | Sponge | ADC (macrolide) | Microtubules | Solid tumors | [8,88,89] |
XMT-1536 | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (dolaflexin) | NaPi2b and microtubules | Solid tumors | [8,90,91,92,93,94] |
RF06804103 | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (auristatin variant) | HER2 | Breast neoplasms, stomach neoplasms, esophagogastric junction neoplasm, carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer | [8,95,96,97,98] |
ARX-788 | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | HER2 and microtubules | Breast cancer, gastric cancer | [8,99,100,101] |
ALT-P7 | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (MMAE) | HER2 and microtubules | Breast cancer, gastric cancer | [8,102,103] |
ZW49 | Mollusk/ cyanobacterium | ADC (auristatin variant) | HER2 | HER2-expressing cancers | [8,104] |
Technology | Procedure | Principle | Development/Application in Marine Compounds | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) | Extraction/ separation | The supercritical fluids generated by CO2 increase the sample’s dissolution via its potent diffusion inside the sample | Combined with pre-treatment to extract lipids from marine diatom | [137,138,139,140] |
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) | Extraction/ separation | High pressure (50–300 psi) and high temperature (50–200 °C) enable effective penetration and solubility of the solutes | Conditional PLE to obtain antioxidant protein from sea bass | [141,142,143] |
Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) | Extraction/ separation | Increase extraction yield without changing their features via its biocatalysts | Combined with other extracting methods to extract proteins from seaweed | [144,145,146,147,148] |
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) | Extraction/ separation | Cavitation of ultrasonic waves provides a stronger penetration of solvent and straightforward disruption of cell membranes | Combined with maceration or homogenization to extract phycobiliproteins from macroalgae | [149,150] |
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) | Extraction/ separation | Via microwave absorption, heat is generated within the whole material, causing dilapidation | MAE–DLLME -GC/MS to extract and analyze PAHs in smoked fish | [151,152,153,154] |
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) | Extraction/ separation | Based on the partition equilibrium of the extractives’ stationary phase generated by a fiber connected with extracting phase | SPME-GC/MS to extract biogenic amines from fish | [155,156,157] |
Solid phase extraction (SPE) | Extraction/ separation | Using a solid phase to absorb the desired compounds from the sample | Anionic exchange SPE to extract the organic acids from microbial samples; SPE-NMR to analyze oil-in-water content in water | [158,159] |
Vibrational spectroscopy (VS) | Structure characterization | Measure the spectroscopy of vibration generated by absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation | scRS-1DCNN to identify individual marine microorganisms | [160,161,162,163,164] |
Nuclear magnetic eesonance spectroscopy (NMR) | Structure characterization | Analysis of the spectroscopy generated by specific magnetic properties around different atomic nuclei | PULCON-qNMR to quantify marine toxins; benchtop NMR to characterize enzymatic hydrolysis reactions in red cod, salmon and shrimp | [165,166,167,168] |
Mass spectrometry (MS) | Structure characterization | Define the elemental or isotopic signature of a sample via its mass spectrum (mass-to-charge ratio of ions) | MALDI-TOF MS to identify protein protease from marine invertebrate extracts (fast and sensitive); GC–QQQ-MS to identify Steryl glycosides in marine microalgae; HPLC-MS to elucidate palytoxin congener from the marine dinoflagellate; LLE-TLC-MS/MS to separate and analyze marine toxins. ESI-HILIC-MS to identify As-PL in marine algae; UHPLC-MS to screen the enzyme inhibitors on marine natural products | [169,170,171,172,173,174,175] |
High-throughput antimicrobial screening | Bioactivity screening | Analyze antimicrobial ability via an automatic yeast model system | Automatic and high-throughput antimicrobial screening for natural products (including marine sponge extracts and fungal extracts) | [176] |
Antibiotic mode of action profile (BioMAP) screening | Bioactivity screening | Automatically pin the compounds into a 384-well plate, which contains pathogenic strains, and read the absorbance automatically every hour | Automatic, accurate and efficient antibiotic screening for natural products (including marine products) | [177] |
Omics screening | Bioactivity screening | Synergetic analysis of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics | Genomic for antinematode compounds from marine bacterium; proteomic for action mode of marine anticancer compound rhizochalinin | [178,179,180,181,182] |
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Zuo, W.; Kwok, H.F. Development of Marine-Derived Compounds for Cancer Therapy. Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19060342
Zuo W, Kwok HF. Development of Marine-Derived Compounds for Cancer Therapy. Marine Drugs. 2021; 19(6):342. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19060342
Chicago/Turabian StyleZuo, Weimin, and Hang Fai Kwok. 2021. "Development of Marine-Derived Compounds for Cancer Therapy" Marine Drugs 19, no. 6: 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19060342