Recognition of LPS by TLR4: Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Therapies
Abstract
:1. LPS
2. Immune Recognition of LPS through the TLR4 Pathway
3. Sepsis and the Potential of Structurally Different LPS Molecules as Antagonists
4. Structure and Immune Recognition of E. coli Lipid A
5. Immune Recognition of Lipid A Structures of Other Terrestrial Bacteria
6. Decreased Lipid A Acylation Reduces Immune Potency
7. Immune Recognition of Lipid A Structures from Marine Bacteria
Species | No. of Acyl Chains | No. of Phosphorylations | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (TAC 125) | 5 | 2 | [30] |
Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (ATCC 14393) | 5 | 2 | [1] |
Alteromonas addita | 5 | 2 | [31] |
Marinomonas vaga | 5 | 1 | [32] |
Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii | 4 (5) | 2 | [33] |
Alteromonas macleodii | 4 (5) | 2 | [34] |
Synechococcus strains CC9311 and WH8102 | 4 | 0 | [35] |
Shewanella pacifica | 6 | 2 | [36] |
Chryseobacterium scophtalmum | 2 | 1 | [1] |
Marinomonas communis | 5 | 1 | [15] |
Marinomonas mediterranea | 5 (6) | 2 | [15] |
8. Main Differences between Marine and Terrestrial Lipid A Structures
9. Why Do Marine Bacteria Have Different Lipid A?
10. Drugs Based on Modified LPS in Sepsis Therapy Have Limited Success
11. Bacterial TLR4 Inhibitors as Therapeutics against Sepsis
12. Compounds that Target the TLR4 Signaling Pathway
13. Future Inhibitors of the TLR4 Signaling Pathway
14. Concluding Remarks
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nijland, R.; Hofland, T.; Van Strijp, J.A.G. Recognition of LPS by TLR4: Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Therapies. Mar. Drugs 2014, 12, 4260-4273. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12074260
Nijland R, Hofland T, Van Strijp JAG. Recognition of LPS by TLR4: Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Therapies. Marine Drugs. 2014; 12(7):4260-4273. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12074260
Chicago/Turabian StyleNijland, Reindert, Tom Hofland, and Jos A. G. Van Strijp. 2014. "Recognition of LPS by TLR4: Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Therapies" Marine Drugs 12, no. 7: 4260-4273. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12074260