Cross-County Characteristics of Water–Ecology–Economy Coupling Coordination in the Wuding River Watershed, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Evaluation Index System and Data
2.3. Statistical Methods
2.3.1. Coupling Coordination Model
2.3.2. Grey Correlation Analysis Model
3. Results
3.1. Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Evaluation Indices of Water Resource, Ecology and Economy Subsystems and Their Comprehensive Index
3.2. Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the Coupling Degree and Coupling Coordination Degree of the Water–Ecology–Economic System
3.3. Contributions of Water, Ecology, Economy Subsystems on Their Coupling Coordination Degree
3.4. Cross-County Characteristic between Upstream and Downstream
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target Layer | Guideline Layer | Index Layer | Unit | Data Sources | Property 1 | Weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water | Water resource situation | Annual total precipitation | mm | China Meteorological Data Network | + | 0.033 |
Surface water storage | 108 m3 | Statistical yearbook NASA CSR GRACE data | + | 0.043 | ||
Groundwater storage | cm | + | 0.065 | |||
Water resource utilization | Water consumption per capita | m3 | Statistical yearbook | - | 0.051 | |
Water consumption per million yuan | m3 | - | 0.030 | |||
Domestic water | 108 m3 | - | 0.046 | |||
Ecology | Ecosystem function | Net primary productivity | kgC m−2 year−1 | NASA MODIS data | + | 0.045 |
Water conservation capacity | m3 m−2 year−1 | + | 0.033 | |||
Vegetation leaf area | m2 m−2 | + | 0.045 | |||
Pollutant emission | Wastewater emission | 104 t | Statistical yearbook | - | 0.039 | |
Solid waste emission | 104 t | - | 0.051 | |||
Waste gas emission | 108 t | - | 0.056 | |||
Economy | Economic and social situation | Gross domestic product per capita | Yuan | Statistical yearbook | + | 0.098 |
Fixed investment per capita | Yuan | + | 0.116 | |||
Disposable income | Yuan | + | 0.079 | |||
Industrial structure | Proportion of primary industry | % | Statistical yearbook | + | 0.117 | |
Proportion of secondary industry | % | + | 0.055 | |||
Proportion of tertiary industry | % | + | 0.069 |
Type | Coupling Coordination Degree | Category |
---|---|---|
Coordinated development | 0.90–1.00 | High-quality coordinated development |
0.80–0.89 | Good coordinated development | |
0.70–0.79 | Intermediate coordinated development | |
0.60–0.69 | Primary coordinated development | |
Excessive status | 0.50–0.59 | Barely coordinated development |
0.40–0.49 | On the verge of dysfunctional decline | |
Dysfunctional decline | 0.30–0.39 | Mild dysfunctional decline |
0.20–0.29 | Moderate dysfunctional decline | |
0.10–0.19 | Severe dysfunctional decline | |
0–0.09 | Extremely dysfunctional decline |
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Tao, J.; Xie, Y.; Zhou, H.; Xu, Y.; Zhao, G. Cross-County Characteristics of Water–Ecology–Economy Coupling Coordination in the Wuding River Watershed, China. Land 2022, 11, 2283. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122283
Tao J, Xie Y, Zhou H, Xu Y, Zhao G. Cross-County Characteristics of Water–Ecology–Economy Coupling Coordination in the Wuding River Watershed, China. Land. 2022; 11(12):2283. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122283
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao, Jian, Yujie Xie, Haoyuan Zhou, Yuqian Xu, and Guangshuai Zhao. 2022. "Cross-County Characteristics of Water–Ecology–Economy Coupling Coordination in the Wuding River Watershed, China" Land 11, no. 12: 2283. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122283