Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) Micelle of Photosensitizers for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy, Exhibits Prolonged Singlet Oxygen Generating Capacity and Superior Intracellular Uptake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of SMA-PS Micelle
2.3. Characterization of SMA-PSs Micelles
2.3.1. Size Exclusion Chromatography
2.3.2. UV-Visible and Fluorescence Spectroscopy
2.3.3. Particle Size Analyses by Dynamic and Static Light Scattering, and the Zeta Potential for Surface Charge Determination
2.3.4. Transmission Eletron Microscopy (TEM)
2.4. Binding of SMA-PS Micelle to Human Serum Albumin
2.5. Release Rate of Free PS from the SMA-PS Micelles
2.6. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy: Quantification of Singlet Oxygen Generation
2.7. Bleaching Effect of Free PS and SMA-PS by Light Irradiation
2.8. Internalization of Free PS and SMA-PS in Tumor and Normal Cells
2.9. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay
2.10. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of SMA Copolymer and SMA-PS Micelles
3.2. Analysis of Particle Size Distribution and Molecular Weight Estimation of SMA-PS Micelles by Dynamic and Static Light Scattering
3.3. Albumin Binding of SMA-PS Micelles
3.4. Release of Free PS from SMA-PS Micelles
3.5. Fluorescence Quenching as an Evidence of Tight Interaction of Aromatic Residues of PS to SMA in the Micelles and Destabilization of SMA-PS Micelle under Various Conditions
3.6. Singlet Oxygen Generation from SMA-PS Micelles after Light Irradiation
3.6.1. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Study: Prolongation of Singlet Oxygen Yielding Capacity in SMA-PS Micelles
3.6.2. Bleaching Effect to Free PS and SMA-PS Micelles by Light Irradiation
3.6.3. Effect of Time Lagged TMP Addition on Singlet Oxygen Yielding Capacity of SMA-PS Micelles
3.7. Intracellular Uptake of SMA-PS Micelle
3.8. In Vitro PDT Effect of SMA-PS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SMA Micelles | a SMA Mw. | b Hydrodynamic Size (kDa) | c Content (%W/W) | d Surface Charge (ζ, mV) e |
---|---|---|---|---|
cSMA-RB | 1360 | 29 | 8.72 | −43.03 ± 1.2 |
buSMA-RB | 1581 | 34 | 9.41 | −21.70 ± 0.8 |
cSMA-MB | 1360 | 47 | 6.36 | −46.03 ± 2.1 |
buSMA-MB | 1581 | 52 | 5.41 | −24.17 ± 0.5 |
SMA Micelles | 0.1 M Phosphate Buffer (pH 7.5) | Deionized Water | 2% HSA in 0.1 M Phosphate Buffer (pH 7.5) |
---|---|---|---|
cSMA-RB | 18.7 ± 1.1 | 35.4 ± 2.3 | 95.4 ± 11.3 |
buSMA-RB | 23.5 ± 1.3 | 38.9 ± 1.2 | 107.4 ± 21.4 |
cSMA-MB | 25.7 ± 1.6 | 41.3 ± 3.1 | 103.2 ± 13.5 |
buSMA-MB | 27.5 ± 0.9 | 46.1 ± 2.7 | 111.8 ± 15.8 |
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Bharate, G.Y.; Qin, H.; Fang, J. Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) Micelle of Photosensitizers for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy, Exhibits Prolonged Singlet Oxygen Generating Capacity and Superior Intracellular Uptake. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030493
Bharate GY, Qin H, Fang J. Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) Micelle of Photosensitizers for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy, Exhibits Prolonged Singlet Oxygen Generating Capacity and Superior Intracellular Uptake. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(3):493. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030493
Chicago/Turabian StyleBharate, Gahininath Yadavrao, Haibo Qin, and Jun Fang. 2022. "Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) Micelle of Photosensitizers for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy, Exhibits Prolonged Singlet Oxygen Generating Capacity and Superior Intracellular Uptake" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 3: 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030493