Population Structure of Phytophthora infestans in Israel Changes Frequently Due to the Import of Asymptomatic Late Blight-Infected Potato Seed Tubers from Europe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Latent Infection in Imported Tubers—2016
2.2. Latent Infection in Imported Tubers—2017
2.3. Latent Infection in Imported Tubers—2024
2.4. Collection of Field Isolates 2004–2024
2.5. Extraction of DNA from Sporangia of Phytophthora Infestans
2.6. Genotype Identification
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Latent Infection 2016
3.2. Latent Infection 2017
3.3. Latent Infection 2024
3.4. Population Structure 2004–2024
4. Discussion
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cultivar | Producer | Country of Origin |
---|---|---|
Celtiane | Germicopa | France |
Gelly | Eroplant | Germany |
Mozart | HZPC | Holland |
Orchestra | Meijer Potato | Holland |
Rosana | Germicopa | Holland |
Sifra | HZPC | Holland/France |
Soprano | Meijer Potato | Holland |
VR 808 | Saltire Seeds | Scotland |
Genotype | |||
---|---|---|---|
38 Days | 45 Days | 88 Days | |
Cultivar | Seed Tubers | Leaves | Leaves |
VR 808 | EU_13_A2 | EU_23_A1 | EU_13_A2 |
Rosana | EU_13_A2 | EU_13_A2 | EU_13_A2 |
Gelly | nt | EU_13_A2 | EU_13_A2 |
Orchestra | nt | EU_13_A2 | EU_13_A2 |
Soprano | nt | EU_43_A1 | EU_13_A2 |
Mozart | nt | EU_13_A2 | EU_13_A2 |
Sifra | nt | EU_23_A1 | EU_13_A2 |
Genotype and Number of Isolates | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Season | 23_A1 | US-7 like | 13_A2 | 36_A2 | 43_A1 |
2007 | Autumn | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2008 | Spring | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2008 | Autumn | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2009 | Spring | 1 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2009 | Autumn | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2010 | Spring | 8 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
2010 | Autumn | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2011 | Spring | 11 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
2011 | Autumn | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2012 | Spring | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
2012 | Autumn | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2013 | Spring | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
2013 | Autumn | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2014 | Spring | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2014 | Autumn | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2015 | Spring | 26 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2015 | Autumn | 26 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
2016 | Spring | 14 | 1 | 36 | 0 | 0 |
2016 | Autumn | 6 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
2017 | Spring | 63 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 |
2017 | Autumn | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2018 | Spring | 45 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
2018 | Autumn | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | Spring | 18 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
2019 | Autumn | 21 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
2020 | Spring | 46 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 0 |
2020 | Autumn | 46 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
2021 | Spring | 61 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
2021 | Autumn | 46 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
2022 | Spring | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
2022 | Autumn | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2023 | Spring | 4 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 |
2023 | Autumn | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2024 | Spring | 25 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 1 |
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Cohen, Y. Population Structure of Phytophthora infestans in Israel Changes Frequently Due to the Import of Asymptomatic Late Blight-Infected Potato Seed Tubers from Europe. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10080549
Cohen Y. Population Structure of Phytophthora infestans in Israel Changes Frequently Due to the Import of Asymptomatic Late Blight-Infected Potato Seed Tubers from Europe. Journal of Fungi. 2024; 10(8):549. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10080549
Chicago/Turabian StyleCohen, Yigal. 2024. "Population Structure of Phytophthora infestans in Israel Changes Frequently Due to the Import of Asymptomatic Late Blight-Infected Potato Seed Tubers from Europe" Journal of Fungi 10, no. 8: 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10080549