The Extent of Transmission of Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Exported Cases
3. The Way Forward
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Cui, J.; Li, F.; Shi, Z.L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2019, 17, 181–192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Hui, D.S.; I Azhar, E.; Madani, T.A.; Ntoumi, F.; Kock, R.; Dar, O.; Ippolito, G.; McHugh, T.D.; Memish, Z.A.; Drosten, C.; et al. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health—The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2020, 91, 264–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. Wuhan Municipal Health Commission’s Briefing on the Current Pneumonia Epidemic in the City. 2020. Available online: http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/ (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus—Japan (ex-China). 2020. Available online: https://www.who.int/csr/don/17-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-japan-ex-china/en/ (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus—Republic of Korea (ex-China). 2020. Available online: https://www.who.int/csr/don/21-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-republic-of-korea-ex-china/en/ (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report—1. 2020. Available online: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China. 2020. Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- CNN-World. Wuhan Coronavirus Death Toll Rises to Nine with 453 Infected Says China, Sparking Fears of Wider Spread. 2020. Available online: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/22/asia/china-wuhan-coronavirus-deadly-intl-hnk/index.html (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- World Tourism Organization. Available online: https://www.unwto.org (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- CEIC, Global Economic Data. 2020. Available online: https://www.ceicdata.com/en/country/china (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- Dorigatti, I.; Hamlet, A.; Aguas, R.; Cattarino, L.; Cori, A.; Donnelly, C.A.; Garske, T.; Imai, N.; Ferguson, N.M. International risk of yellow fever spread from the ongoing outbreak in Brazil, December 2016 to May 2017. Euro. Surveill. 2017, 22, 30572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Tsuzuki, S.; Lee, H.; Miura, F.; Chan, Y.H.; Jung, S.-m.; Akhmetzhanov, A.R.; Nishiura, H. Dynamics of the pneumonic plague epidemic in Madagascar, August to October 2017. Euro Surveill. 2017, 22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Shimizu, K.; Nishiura, H.; Imamura, A. Investigation of the proportion of diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS among foreign residents in Japan. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 804. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Lessler, J.; Reich, N.G.; Brookmeyer, R.; Perl, T.M.; Nelson, K.E.; Cummings, D.A.T. Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: A systematic review. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2009, 9, 291–300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kanagawa Prefecture. Outbreak of Patients with Pneumonia Associated with Novel Coronavirus. 2020. Available online: https://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/docs/ga4/prs/r6321422.html (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus—Thailand (ex-China). 2020. Available online: https://www.who.int/csr/don/14-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-thailand-ex-china/en/ (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-Bureau of Information Office of the Permanent Secretary of MOPH. Ministry of Public Health Receives 2 Tourists from Wuhan for Pneumonia at Bamrasnaradura Institute. 2020. Available online: https://pr.moph.go.th/?url=pr/detail/2/04/137232/ (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- Kaixian, T.V. First Confirmed Case of New Coronavirus Pneumonia in Taiwan. 2020. Available online: http://www.kaixian.tv/gd/2020/0121/246352.html (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- Washington State Department of Health-News Release. Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Confirmed in Washington State Resident. 2020. Available online: https://www.doh.wa.gov/Newsroom/Articles/ID/1068/Case-of-2019-novel-coronavirus-confirmed-in-Washington-state-resident (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- Reuters-WORLD NEWS. Macau Confirms First Wuhan Virus Case, Tightens Screening in Casinos. 2020. Available online: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-macau/macau-confirms-first-wuhan-virus-case-tightens-screening-in-casinos-idUSKBN1ZL0AR (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- Channel News Asia. Wuhan Virus: 2 More Cases Confirmed in Thailand. 2020. Available online: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/wuhan-virus-china-two-more-cases-found-thailand-12301606 (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- Ministry of Health, Singapore. Confirmed imported case of novel coronavirus infection in Singapore; Multi-ministry taskforce ramps up precautionary measures. 2020. Available online: https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/confirmed-imported-case-of-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore-multi-ministry-taskforce-ramps-up-precautionary-measures (accessed on 24 January 2020).
- Xinhua News. Vietnam confirms first 2 novel coronavirus cases. 2020. Available online: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/23/c_138729956.htm (accessed on 24 January 2020).
- Nikkei News. Novel pneumonia, 2nd case confirmed. Tourist from Wuhan. 2020. Available online: https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO54781090U0A120C2CE0000/ (accessed on 24 January 2020).
- Korea Times. South Korea reports 2nd confirmed case of Wuhan coronavirus. 2020. Available online: https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/01/371_282433.html (accessed on 24 January 2020).
- Imperial College London-MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis. News/Wuhan Coronavirus. 2020. Available online: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/news-wuhan-coronavirus/ (accessed on 24 January 2020).
- Bogoch, I.I.; Watts, A.; Thomas-Bachli, A.; Huber, C.; Kraemer, M.U.G.; Khan, K. Pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: Potential for international spread via commercial air travel. J. Travel Med. 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Northeastern University. Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems. 2020. Available online: https://www.mobs-lab.org/2019ncov.html (accessed on 22 January 2020).
- The University of Hong Kong-HKUMed WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control. Nowcasting and Forecasting the Wuhan 2019-nCoV Outbreak. 2020. Available online: https://www.med.hku.hk/news/press/HKUMed-WHO-Collaborating-Centre-for-Infectious-Disease-Epidemiology-and-Control-releases%20real-time-nowcast-on-the-likely-extent-of-the-Wuhan-coronavirus (accessed on 22 January 2020).
Importing location | Date of Hospitalization | Date of Report | Cumulative Count | Estimated Incidence in China (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thailand | 8 January | 14 January | 1 | 423 (NC, 1863) |
Japan | 10 January | 16 January | 2 | 846 (141, 2614) |
Thailand | 13 January | 17 January | 3 | 1270 (316, 3292) |
South Korea | 19 January | 20 January | 4 | 1693 (526, 3933) |
Taiwan | 19 January | 21 January | 5 | 2116 (759, 4548) |
United States | 19 January | 21 January | 6 | 2539 (1009, 5145) |
Thailand | 19 January | 22 January | 7 | 2962 (1273, 5729) |
Thailand | NA | 22 January | 8 | 3385 (1547, 6302) |
Singapore | 22 January | 23 January | 9 | 3809 (1830, 6866) |
Vietnam | 22 January | 23 January | 10 | 4231 (2121, 7423) |
Vietnam | 22 January | 23 January | 11 | 4655 (2418, 7973) |
Japan | 22 January | 24 January | 12 | 5078 (2720, 8517) |
South Korea | 22 January | 24 January | 13 | 5502 (3027, 9057) |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Nishiura, H.; Jung, S.-m.; Linton, N.M.; Kinoshita, R.; Yang, Y.; Hayashi, K.; Kobayashi, T.; Yuan, B.; Akhmetzhanov, A.R. The Extent of Transmission of Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020330
Nishiura H, Jung S-m, Linton NM, Kinoshita R, Yang Y, Hayashi K, Kobayashi T, Yuan B, Akhmetzhanov AR. The Extent of Transmission of Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(2):330. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020330
Chicago/Turabian StyleNishiura, Hiroshi, Sung-mok Jung, Natalie M. Linton, Ryo Kinoshita, Yichi Yang, Katsuma Hayashi, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Baoyin Yuan, and Andrei R. Akhmetzhanov. 2020. "The Extent of Transmission of Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2: 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020330