Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with and without Comorbidities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Clinical Protocol
2.3. Diagnostic Procedure
2.4. Patient Groups
2.5. Therapeutic Protocol
2.6. Sample Size Calculation
2.7. Statistical Analysis
2.8. Ethical Aspects
3. Results
3.1. General Results
3.2. Clinical Features
3.3. Polysomnographic Data
3.4. OSA Treatment
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group A | Group B | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 6 ± 3 | 9 ± 4 | <0.001 |
Anthropometric measurements (mean ± SD) | |||
Weight (kg) | 28 ± 16 | 37 ± 21 | <0.01 |
Height (cm) | 120 ± 20 | 130 ± 20 | <0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 18 ± 4 | 20 ± 7 | <0.05 |
BMI percentile | 66 ± 35 | 68 ± 42 | NS |
Neck circumference (cm) | 28 ± 4 | 30 ± 5 | <0.05 |
Predisposing factors (%) | |||
Tonsillar hypertrophy | 93 | 62 | <0.001 |
Adenoid hypertrophy | 49 | 43 | NS |
High-arched palate | 12 | 17 | NS |
Macroglossia | 1 | 11 | <0.01 |
Facial abnormalities | 10 | 34 | <0.001 |
Micrognathism | 3 | 21 | <0.001 |
Prognathism | 0 | 4 | <0.05 |
Retrognathia | 8 | 21 | <0.05 |
Dental malocclusion | 3 | 11 | NS |
Dolichocephaly | 2 | 11 | <0.01 |
Obesity | 17 | 30 | <0.05 |
Previous tonsillectomy | 3 | 11 | <0.05 |
Group A (Mean ± SD) | Group B (Mean ± SD) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Duration of recording (minutes) | 490 ± 64 | 496 ± 62 | NS |
Sleep efficiency (%) | 87 ± 8 | 85 ± 9 | NS |
Stage 1 (%) | 13 ± 9 | 14 ± 10 | NS |
Stage 2 (%) | 30 ± 11 | 30 ± 13 | NS |
Stages 3 and 4 (%) | 31 ± 14 | 31 ± 19 | NS |
REM stage (%) | 26 ± 12 | 23 ± 15 | NS |
Stage 1 latency | 10 ± 23 | 11 ± 35 | NS |
Stage 2 latency | 12 ± 12 | 8 ± 7 | NS |
Stage 3 and 4 latency | 138 ± 181 | 200 ± 196 | NS |
REM stage latency | 70 ± 57 | 56 ± 50 | NS |
Microarousal index | 14 ± 8 | 21 ± 18 | <0.05 |
Apnea/hypopnea index | 15 ± 9 | 22 ± 21 | <0.05 |
Oxygen desaturation index | 7 ± 8 | 16 ± 23 | <0.05 |
Baseline oxygen saturation (%) | 97 ± 1 | 95 ± 4 | <0.01 |
Minimum oxygen saturation (%) | 79 ± 13 | 74 ± 17 | <0.05 |
CT90 (%) | 4 ± 10 | 12 ± 20 | <0.05 |
Before Treatment (Mean ± SD) | After Treatment (Mean ± SD) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Group A | |||
Weight (kg) | 27 ± 13 | 31 ± 14 | <0.001 |
Height (cm) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 18 ± 4 | 19 ± 4 | <0.01 |
Neck circumference (cm) | 28 ± 3 | 29 ± 3 | <0.001 |
Apnea/hypopnea index | 17 ± 9 | 8 ± 7 | <0.001 |
Oxygen desaturation index | 7 ± 9 | 3.7 ± 4 | <0.01 |
Baseline oxygen saturation | 97 ± 2 | 97 ± 1 | <0.05 |
Minimum oxygen saturation | 79 ± 15 | 83 ± 14 | NS |
CT90 (%) | 4 ± 6 | 7 ± 19 | NS |
Group B | |||
Weight (kg) | 34 ± 16 | 36 ± 16 | <0.01 |
Height (cm) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | <0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20 ± 5 | 20 ± 5 | NS |
Neck circumference (cm) | 29 ± 5 | 30 ± 5 | <0.05 |
Apnea/hypopnea index | 23 ± 19 | 12 ± 15 | <0.05 |
Oxygen desaturation index | 21 ± 24 | 7 ± 10 | <0.05 |
Baseline oxygen saturation | 94 ± 4 | 96 ± 2 | <0.05 |
Minimum oxygen saturation | 71 ± 17 | 76 ± 14 | NS |
CT90 (%) | 16 ± 21 | 7 ± 10 | <0.05 |
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Chiner, E.; Sancho-Chust, J.N.; Pastor, E.; Esteban, V.; Boira, I.; Castelló, C.; Celis, C.; Vañes, S.; Torba, A. Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with and without Comorbidities. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062418
Chiner E, Sancho-Chust JN, Pastor E, Esteban V, Boira I, Castelló C, Celis C, Vañes S, Torba A. Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with and without Comorbidities. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(6):2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062418
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiner, Eusebi, Jose N. Sancho-Chust, Esther Pastor, Violeta Esteban, Ignacio Boira, Carmen Castelló, Carly Celis, Sandra Vañes, and Anastasiya Torba. 2023. "Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with and without Comorbidities" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 6: 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062418