Potential Novel Role of Membrane-Associated Carbonic Anhydrases in the Kidney
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Catalytic Mechanism of α-Carbonic Anhydrases
3. Carbonic Anhydrases in Nanodomains Adjacent to the Cell Membrane
4. Carbonic Anhydrases and the Identification of Substrates of SLC4 Family Members
4.1. Brief Overview of the SLC4 Family Members
4.2. Theoretical Role of Carbonic Anhydrase in Distinguishing Bicarbonate versus Carbonate versus Proton Transport across Cell Membranes
4.3. Surface pH Studies Supporting Carbonate as the Substrate of NCBTs
5. Relative Abundance of Members of the SLC4 and α-CA Families in Human Kidney
5.1. SLC4 Family Members
5.2. α-CA Family Members
6. Carbonic Anhydrases along the Nephron
6.1. Proximal Tubule
6.1.1. Subcellular Localizations of CA Isozymes
6.1.2. Functional Interactions with Acid–Base Transporters
6.2. Thick Ascending Limb
6.2.1. Subcellular Localizations of CA Isozymes
6.2.2. Functional Interactions with Acid–Base Transporters
6.3. Tubules Distal to the Thick Ascending Limb
6.3.1. Subcellular Localizations of CA Isozymes
6.3.2. Functional Interactions with Acid–Base Transporters
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene (Protein) Name | mRNA Expression | Protein Expression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very Low | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | N/A * | |
SLC4A1 (AE1) | x | x | ||||||
SLC4A2 (AE2) | x | x | ||||||
SLC4A3 (AE3) | x | x | ||||||
SLC4A4 (NBCe1) | x | x | ||||||
SLC4A5 (NBCe2) | x | x | ||||||
SLC4A7 (NBCn1) | x | x | ||||||
SLC4A8 (NDCBE) | x | x | ||||||
SLC4A9 (AE4) | x | x | ||||||
SLC4A10 (NBCn2) | x | x |
Gene (Protein) Name | mRNA Expression | Protein Expression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very Low | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | N/A * | |
CA1 (CA I) | x | x | ||||||
CA2 (CA II) | x | x | ||||||
CA3 (CA III) | x | x | ||||||
CA4 (CA IV) | x | x | ||||||
CA5A (CA VA) | x | x | ||||||
CA5B (CA VB) | x | x | ||||||
CA6 (CA VI) | x | x | ||||||
CA7 (CA VII) | x | x | ||||||
CA8 (CA VIII) | x | x | ||||||
CA9 (CA IX) | x | x | ||||||
CA10 (CA X) | x | x | ||||||
CA11 (CA XI) | x | x | ||||||
CA12 (CA XII) | x | x | ||||||
CA13 (CA XIII) | x | x | ||||||
CA14 (CA XIV) | x | x |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Lee, S.-K.; Boron, W.F.; Occhipinti, R. Potential Novel Role of Membrane-Associated Carbonic Anhydrases in the Kidney. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044251
Lee S-K, Boron WF, Occhipinti R. Potential Novel Role of Membrane-Associated Carbonic Anhydrases in the Kidney. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(4):4251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044251
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Seong-Ki, Walter F. Boron, and Rossana Occhipinti. 2023. "Potential Novel Role of Membrane-Associated Carbonic Anhydrases in the Kidney" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4: 4251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044251