One Host-Multiple Applications: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as Promising Model for Studying Human Cancers and Pathogenic Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Disease Induction: How to Create a Fish Model
2.1. Human Cell Transplantation
2.1.1. Cancer Cell Lines—Xenografts
2.1.2. Cancer Cells Derived from Patient—PDX
2.1.3. Beyond Cancers
2.2. Genetic Manipulation
2.2.1. Introduction of Human Genes
2.2.2. Mutations
- (1)
- Altering the transcription by removing some crucial genes or part of genes—the ‘knock-out’ or
- (2)
- Introducing genes involved in disease in the place of double break—the ‘knock-in’.
2.3. Pathogen Infection
3. Aim of the Studies—What Is the Point?
3.1. Cancer Analysis
3.2. Host–Pathogen Interactions
3.3. Screening of Treatment Potential
3.3.1. Anticancer
3.3.2. Vaccination
3.3.3. Irradiation
3.4. Personalized Medicine
4. Limitations—How to Overcome Them?
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Transgenic Line | Characteristics | Use | References |
---|---|---|---|
Tg(mpeg1.1:Dendra2) | labeled macrophages | monitoring immune response | [37] |
Tg(lyz:EGFP) | labeled neutrophils | monitoring immune response, investigation how lysozyme-expressing cells participate during inflammation | [38] |
Prkdc −/− | decrease of immune cells formation | as a SCID model | [39] |
Prkdc −/− il2rga −/− | decrease of immune cells formation | as a SCID model | [40] |
nf1a†/−; nf1b†/−; ptena†/−; ptenb†/−; p53†/M214K | loss of NF1/PTEN | for melanoma analysis | [41] |
Lck:GFP | cell-specific tyrosine kinase (lck) promoter labeled T cells | tracking of T cell (development and ablation) | [42] |
Tg (fli-1: EGFP) | expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in endothelial cells | GFP-labeled vasculature | [43] |
roy −/−, nacre −/− | Casper line—without pigmentation | This line, which was named casper for its ghost-like appearance, demonstrates a complete lack of all melanocytes and iridophores in both embryogenesis and adulthood. | [44] |
Tg(kdrl:mCherry) | endothelial cells | vascular-specific reporter line | [45] |
Tg(gata1a:GFP) | red blood cells labeled | thrombocytes activity | [46] |
Pathogen | Findings | References |
---|---|---|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| [87] |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| [105] |
Mycobacterium marinum |
| [106] |
Mycobacterium marinum |
| [107] |
Mycobacterium marinum |
| [108] |
Escherichia coli |
| [85] |
Talaromycosis marneffei and Aspergillus fumigatus |
| [109] |
Kaposi’s sarcoma associated-herpesvirus (KSHV) |
| [15] |
Staphylococcus epidermidis |
| [110] |
Mycobacterium marinum |
| [98] |
Escherichia coli |
| [111] |
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Dudziak, K.; Nowak, M.; Sozoniuk, M. One Host-Multiple Applications: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as Promising Model for Studying Human Cancers and Pathogenic Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 10255. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810255
Dudziak K, Nowak M, Sozoniuk M. One Host-Multiple Applications: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as Promising Model for Studying Human Cancers and Pathogenic Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(18):10255. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810255
Chicago/Turabian StyleDudziak, Karolina, Michał Nowak, and Magdalena Sozoniuk. 2022. "One Host-Multiple Applications: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as Promising Model for Studying Human Cancers and Pathogenic Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18: 10255. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810255