Coumarin-Based Profluorescent and Fluorescent Substrates for Determining Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities In Vitro
Abstract
:1. Background
1.1. Xenobiotic Metabolism
1.2. Methods to Measure XME Activities In Vitro
1.3. Coumarins as Substrates for XMEs
1.4. Establishing Fluorescence Assays—Practical Aspects
2. Use of Coumarin Substrates in Studying XMEs
2.1. CYP Enzymes
2.1.1. CYP1 Family
2.1.2. CYP2 Family
2.1.3. CYP3 Family
2.2. Conjugating Enzymes
2.2.1. UGT Enzymes
2.2.2. SULTs
2.2.3. Catechol O-methyltransferases (COMTs)
3. Applications
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CYP | Cytochrome P450 |
XME | Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme |
UGT | Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase |
SULT | Sulfotransferase |
LC-MS | Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
CEC | 3-cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin |
EFC | 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin |
MFC | 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin |
MAMC | 7-methoxy-4-aminomethylcoumarin |
AMMC | 3-[2-(N,N-diethyl-N-methylammonium)ethyl]-7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin |
BFC | 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin |
UDPGA | Uridine 5’-diphosphoglucuronic acid |
PAPS | 3’-phosphoadenylyl sulfate |
SAM | S-adenosylmethionine |
BP | 4-benzylpyridine |
CBP | 4-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine |
HFC | 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin |
COMT | Catechol O-methyltransferase |
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Raunio, H.; Pentikäinen, O.; Juvonen, R.O. Coumarin-Based Profluorescent and Fluorescent Substrates for Determining Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities In Vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134708
Raunio H, Pentikäinen O, Juvonen RO. Coumarin-Based Profluorescent and Fluorescent Substrates for Determining Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(13):4708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134708
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaunio, Hannu, Olli Pentikäinen, and Risto O. Juvonen. 2020. "Coumarin-Based Profluorescent and Fluorescent Substrates for Determining Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities In Vitro" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13: 4708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134708