Composition of the Reconstituted Cell Wall in Protoplast-Derived Cells of Daucus Is Affected by Phytosulfokine (PSK)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Protoplast Development
2.2. Reconstitution of the Cell Wall in the Early Stages of the Protoplast-Derived Cell Cultures
2.2.1. Daucus Carota Subsp. sativus
2.2.2. Daucus Carota Subsp. gadecaei
2.2.3. Daucus Montevidensis
2.3. Cell Wall Composition in the Middle Stages of the Culture
2.3.1. Daucus Carota Subsp. sativus
2.3.2. Daucus Carota Subsp. gadecaei
2.3.3. Daucus montevidensis
2.4. Distribution of Pectic, AGP and Extensin Epitopes in Mature Cultures
2.4.1. Daucus Carota Subsp. sativus
2.4.2. Daucus Carota Subsp. gadecaei
2.5. Summarizing
3. Discussion
3.1. Distribution of Pectins with Different Levels of Esterification Change in a Diverse Manner Depends on the Culture Condition and the Species
3.2. Expression and Localization of AGPs in Protoplast-Derived Cells and Cell Aggregates are Time and Tissue Specific and Enhanced by PSK
3.3. The Increase in the Extensin Level is Characteristic for Middle-Aged Cultures
3.4. PSK and Wall Modification on the Molecular Level
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Protoplast Isolation
4.3. Protoplast Embedding in Alginate Matrix and Culture
4.4. Evaluation of Culture Development and Data Analysis
4.5. Sampling, Fixation and Embeding of Plant Materials
4.6. Immunological Assay
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AGPs | Arabinogalactan proteins |
CPP | Carrot petiole protoplast medium |
HG | Homogalaturonan |
HRGPs | Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins |
mAbs | Monoclonal antibodies |
MS | Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) |
PEM | Proembryonic mass |
PME | Pectic methyl-esterase activity |
PSK | Phytosulfokine-α |
TAL | Thin alginate layer |
R | Regeneration medium |
References
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Species | Protoplast Yield (× 106/g FW) | Protoplast Viability (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SE | n | Mean ± SE | n | |
D. carota subsp. sativus (cv. Dolanka) | 5.1 ± 0.9 a | 3 | 69.0 ± 2.3 a | 3 |
D. carota subsp. gadecaei | 5.2 ± 1.6 a | 3 | 68.0 ± 1.3 a | 3 |
D. montevidensis | 1.3 ± 0.4 b | 6 | 48.8 ± 2.7 b | 4 |
Species | Origin, Seed Source | 2n | Time of Sampling for Epitope Analysis(day of pc) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 60 | |||
D. carota subsp. sativus | Poland, OP, cv. Dolanka (Polan Spółka z o.o.) | 18 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
D. carota subsp. gadecaei | UK, HRI 7160 | 18 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
D. montevidensis | South America, JKI AS162 | 22 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - |
Antibody | Epitope | References |
---|---|---|
Anti-pectin | ||
LM19 | Low methyl-esterified HG | [58] |
LM20 | High metyl-esterifed HG | [58] |
Anti-AGP | ||
JIM4 | AGP glycan (betaGlcA-(1,3)-alphaGalA-(1,2)-Rha) | [55,85] |
JIM8 | Arabinogalactan (epitope structure unknown) | [86] |
JIM13 | AGP glycan ((beta)GlcA1->3(alpha)GalA1->2Rha) | [86] |
Anti-extensin | ||
JIM12 | (epitope structure unknown) | [27] |
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Godel-Jędrychowska, K.; Maćkowska, K.; Kurczyńska, E.; Grzebelus, E. Composition of the Reconstituted Cell Wall in Protoplast-Derived Cells of Daucus Is Affected by Phytosulfokine (PSK). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215490
Godel-Jędrychowska K, Maćkowska K, Kurczyńska E, Grzebelus E. Composition of the Reconstituted Cell Wall in Protoplast-Derived Cells of Daucus Is Affected by Phytosulfokine (PSK). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(21):5490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215490
Chicago/Turabian StyleGodel-Jędrychowska, Kamila, Katarzyna Maćkowska, Ewa Kurczyńska, and Ewa Grzebelus. 2019. "Composition of the Reconstituted Cell Wall in Protoplast-Derived Cells of Daucus Is Affected by Phytosulfokine (PSK)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21: 5490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215490