Neuropilins Controlling Cancer Therapy Responsiveness
Abstract
:1. Neuropilins: Structure and Functions
2. Neuropilins and Cancer Responsiveness to Radio- and Chemo-Therapy
3. Neuropilins and Cancer Responsiveness to Target Therapies
4. Neuropilins and Therapies Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment
5. Neuropilin-Inhibitory Molecules for Combined Cancer Therapies
6. Conclusions and Open Questions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AR | androgen receptor |
ATT | androgen-targeted therapies |
BCR | biochemical recurrence |
CSC | cancer stem cells |
CRPCa | castration resistant prostate cancer |
CT | chemotherapy |
DCs | dendritic cells |
DHT | dihydrotestosterone |
EGF | epidermal growth factor |
ENZ | enzalutamide |
EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
HGF | hepatocyte growth factor |
HUVEC | human endothelial cells |
IGF1-R | insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
IR | ionizing radiation |
IHC | immunohistochemistry |
mAbs | monoclonal antibodies |
mCPRC | metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer |
miRs | microRNAs |
NRPs | Neuropilins |
NRP1 | Neuropilin-1 |
NRP2 | Neuropilin-2 |
NSCLC | non-small cell lung cancer |
sNRPs | soluble neuropilins |
OS | overall survival |
PDACs | pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas |
PDGF | platelet derived growth factor |
PDGF-Rs | platelet-derived growth factor receptors |
PCa | prostate cancer |
RCT | radio-chemotherapy |
RT | radiotherapy |
SEMAs | semaphorins |
TGFβ | transforming growth factor β |
TURBT | transurethral resection of bladder tumour |
TAMs | tumor-associated macrophages |
RTKs | tyrosine kinase receptors |
VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
VEGF-Rs | vascular endothelial growth factor receptors |
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Therapy | NRP1 Levels Correlate with | References | NRP2 Levels Correlate with | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Radiotherapy | low responsiveness (non-small cell lung cancer) | [30] | - | - |
Chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil) | low responsiveness (pancreatic, non-small cell lung, and prostate cancers) | [31,32] | high responsiveness (colorectal adenocarcinoma) | [34] |
Chemotherapy (platin-derived drugs) | low responsiveness (non-small cell lung, prostate, and oral squamous cell carcinoma) | [32,33] | high responsiveness (colorectal adenocarcinoma) | - |
Chemotherapy (paclitaxel) | low responsiveness (non-small cell lung and prostate cancers) | [32] | - | - |
Chemotherapy (gemcitabine) | low responsiveness (pancreatic cancer) | [31] | - | - |
Chemotherapy (docetaxel) | - | low responsiveness (prostate and pancreatic cancers) | [36] | |
Chemotherapy (doxorubicin) | low responsiveness (breast cancer) | [35] | - | - |
EGFR inhibitor (cetuximab) | secondary resistance (pancreatic cancer) | [41] | - | - |
Androgen-targeted therapies (ATTs) | secondary resistance (prostate cancer) | [42] | - | - |
cMET inhibitor (JNJ38877605) | secondary resistance (gastric and lung cancer) | [43] | high responsiveness (lost upon acquired resistance) (gastric and lung cancer) | [44] |
B-Raf inhibitor (PLX-4720) | secondary resistance (melanoma) | [43] | - | - |
Her2 inhibitor (lapatinib) | secondary resistance (breast cancer) | [43] | - | - |
anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) | low responsiveness (gastric cancer) | [37] | low responsiveness (bladder cancer) | [38] |
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Napolitano, V.; Tamagnone, L. Neuropilins Controlling Cancer Therapy Responsiveness. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2049. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082049
Napolitano V, Tamagnone L. Neuropilins Controlling Cancer Therapy Responsiveness. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(8):2049. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082049
Chicago/Turabian StyleNapolitano, Virginia, and Luca Tamagnone. 2019. "Neuropilins Controlling Cancer Therapy Responsiveness" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8: 2049. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082049