Hypertension in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients is Associated with Increases in Insulin Resistance and IL-6 Cytokine Levels: Potential Targets for an Efficient Preventive Intervention
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Evaluation of Insulin Sensitivity
2.4. Laboratory Measurements
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results
3.1.1. Patients Characteristics
Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
A T2D + HTA+ | B T2D + HTA− | C Control | p value (Group A vs. B) | |
n (M/F) | 30 (16/14) | 30 (15/15) | 15 (7/8) | NS |
Age (years) | 56.47 ± 3.91 | 57.67 ± 3.96 | 44.06 ± 4.51 | NS |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 4.59 ± 1.53 | 4.44 ± 1.26 | - | NS |
BMI (kg/m2) * | 31.20 ± 2.53 | 30.92 ± 2.34 | 22.77 ± 2.9 | NS |
SBP (mmHg) * | 140.17 ± 12.25 | 141.66 ± 13.13 | 122.03 ± 6.97 | NS |
DBP (mmHg) * | 86.67 ± 9.12 | 85.56 ± 8.81 | 78.67 ± 4.81 | NS |
HbA1c (%) * | 6.51 ± 0.66 | 6.53 ± 0.60 | 4.71 ± 0.32 | NS |
FPG (mmol/L) * | 7.36 ± 1.40 | 7.46 ± 1.51 | 4.06 ± 0.71 | NS |
Total Ch (mmol/L) * | 6.16 ± 0.93 | 6.14 ± 0.82 | 5.6 ± 0.98 | NS |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) * | 2.66 ± 1.15 | 2.37 ± 0.80 | 1.29 ± 0.59 | NS |
HDL-Ch (mmol/L) * | 0.98 ± 0.11 | 1.12 ± 0.18 | 1.58 ± 0.47 | p < 0.05 |
LDL-Ch (mmol/L) * | 3.85 ± 0.78 | 3.99 ± 0.75 | 3.53 ± 0.64 | NS |
Smoking (n, %) | 10 (33.3) | 11 (36.3) | 5 (33.3) | NS |
3.1.2. Insulin Sensitivity
3.1.3. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
3.2. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Abbreviations
OGIS | Oral Glucose Insulin Sensitivity index |
IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
TNF-α | Tumor Necrosis Factor-α |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lukic, L.; Lalic, N.M.; Rajkovic, N.; Jotic, A.; Lalic, K.; Milicic, T.; Seferovic, J.P.; Macesic, M.; Gajovic, J.S. Hypertension in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients is Associated with Increases in Insulin Resistance and IL-6 Cytokine Levels: Potential Targets for an Efficient Preventive Intervention. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 3586-3598. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110403586
Lukic L, Lalic NM, Rajkovic N, Jotic A, Lalic K, Milicic T, Seferovic JP, Macesic M, Gajovic JS. Hypertension in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients is Associated with Increases in Insulin Resistance and IL-6 Cytokine Levels: Potential Targets for an Efficient Preventive Intervention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(4):3586-3598. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110403586
Chicago/Turabian StyleLukic, Ljiljana, Nebojsa M. Lalic, Natasa Rajkovic, Aleksandra Jotic, Katarina Lalic, Tanja Milicic, Jelena P. Seferovic, Marija Macesic, and Jelena Stanarcic Gajovic. 2014. "Hypertension in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients is Associated with Increases in Insulin Resistance and IL-6 Cytokine Levels: Potential Targets for an Efficient Preventive Intervention" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 4: 3586-3598. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110403586