Programming Pluripotent Precursor Cells Derived from Xenopus Embryos to Generate Specific Tissues and Organs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Programming ACC to Generate Specific Tissues and Organs
2.1. The Experimental Basis
- a)
- ACC can be exposed to extracellular signaling molecules like growth factors or chemical agents affecting signal transduction. Recombinant growth factors can be applied for short intervals or throughout the incubation time. Alternatively, growth factors can be produced by the ACC themselves. To this end, fertilized embryos are injected with mRNA or DNA coding for the respective growth factor prior to dissection of the ACC.
- b)
- Intracellularly active proteins, such as transcription factors, signal transduction proteins, etc. can also be supplied by microinjection of the corresponding mRNAs. As a variation of this procedure, microinjected explants can be sandwiched with naïve ACC, allowing for the distinction of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects.
- c)
- The developmental potential of specific tissues can be analyzed by heterotopic “Sandwich” assays combining ACC with tissue explants from the same or different embryonic sources.
- d)
- Manipulated ACC can be transplanted into recipient embryos to analyze if they can form functional ectopic organs.
2.2. Pancreas and Liver Development
2.3. Kidney Development
2.4. Heart Development
2.5. Eye Development
3. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References and Notes
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Borchers, A.; Pieler, T. Programming Pluripotent Precursor Cells Derived from Xenopus Embryos to Generate Specific Tissues and Organs. Genes 2010, 1, 413-426. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes1030413
Borchers A, Pieler T. Programming Pluripotent Precursor Cells Derived from Xenopus Embryos to Generate Specific Tissues and Organs. Genes. 2010; 1(3):413-426. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes1030413
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorchers, Annette, and Tomas Pieler. 2010. "Programming Pluripotent Precursor Cells Derived from Xenopus Embryos to Generate Specific Tissues and Organs" Genes 1, no. 3: 413-426. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes1030413