Identification of Pheophytin a and Hydroxy Pheophytin a from Rang Chuet (Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.) as Potent NQO-1 Inducers in Liver Cells †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Rang Chuet Extraction
2.2. Phytochemical Profiling
2.2.1. Total Phenolic Contents
2.2.2. Total Flavonoid Contents
2.2.3. Total Chlorophylls and Carotenoids
2.2.4. Chlorophyll Profiling
2.2.5. Thin-Layer Chromatography
2.2.6. Flask Column Chromatography
2.3. Cell Culture
2.3.1. Cytotoxicity of Human Liver Hepatoma (HepG2) and Alpha Mouse Liver 12 (AML12) Cell Lines
2.3.2. NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase-1 (NOQ-1)
2.3.3. Compound Identification by Thin-Layer Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cell Viability and Cytotoxicity in Human Liver Hepatoma (HepG2) and Alpha Mouse Liver 12 (AML12) Cell Lines
3.2. Specific Enzyme Activities NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1)
3.3. Compounds Identification
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fraction | TPC (mg GAE/g Extract) | TFC (mg QE/g Extract) | TChl (mg/g Extract) |
---|---|---|---|
F1 | 8.749 ± 0.608 a | 2.361 ± 0.133 a | 0.635 ± 0255 a |
F2 | 4.474 ± 0.094 b | 1.548 ± 0.249 b | 4.29 ± 0.171 b |
F3 | 5.463 ± 0.31 c | 1.71 ± 0.095 c | 10.70 ± 0.418 c |
F4 | 3.23 ± 0.197 d | 0.631 ± 0.133 d | 4.039 ± 0.095 b |
F5 | 5.858 ± 0.718 e | 1.613 ± 0.305 e | 6.86 ± 0.455 d |
F6 | 4.937 ± 0.01 f | 0.361 ± 0.064 f | 5.043 ± 0025 e |
F7 | 11.095 ± 0.02 g | 1.069 ± 0.205 g | 0.62 ± 0.288 a |
Active Compounds/Cell Line | IC50 (mg/mL) | |
---|---|---|
AML12 | HepG2 | |
RC extract | 2.042 ± 0.067 a | 2.676 ± 0.095 a |
F1 | 2.056 ± 0.142 a | 2.377 ± 0.11 b |
F2 | 2.556 ± 0.045 b | 2.818 ± 0.109 c |
F3 | 3.139 ± 0.096 c | 3.583 ± 0.13 d |
F4 | 2.25 ± 0.078 d | 2.546 ± 0.078 e |
F5 | 2.228 ± 0.070 d | 2.583 ± 0.12 e |
F6 | 2.288 ± 0.079 d | 2.836 ± 0.14 c |
F7 | 2.07 ± 0.12 a | 2.67 ± 0.13 a |
Fraction | NQO-1 AML12 | NQO-1 HepG2 |
---|---|---|
Control | 1 a | 1 a |
RC extract | 1.387 ± 0.073 a | 1.705 ± 0.142 b |
F1 | 1.174 ± 0.263 a | 1.973 ± 0.0742 c |
F2 | 1.472 ± 0.064 a | 2.033 ± 0.079 c |
F3 | 1.99 ± 0.047 b | 3.908 ± 0.124 d |
F4 | 1.66 ± 0.45 b | 2.67 ± 0.187 e |
F5 | 1.420 ± 0.299 a | 2.562 ± 0.083 e |
F6 | 1.392 ± 0.041 a | 2.339 ± 0.15 f |
F7 | 1.445 ± 0.122 a | 2.281 ± 0.034 f |
No. | Compound | [M + H]+ (Online) | [M + H]+ (Reported) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Chlorophyll a | 893 | - |
2 | Chlorophyll b | 907 | - |
3 | Hydroxy pheophytin b | 901 | - |
4 | Pheophytin b | 885 | - |
5 | Pheophytin a | 871.5 | 871.59 |
6 | Hydroxy pheophytin a | 887.4 | 887.59 |
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Moeurng, S.; Posridee, K.; Kamkaew, A.; Thaiudom, S.; Oonsivilai, A.; Oonsivilai, R. Identification of Pheophytin a and Hydroxy Pheophytin a from Rang Chuet (Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.) as Potent NQO-1 Inducers in Liver Cells. Foods 2024, 13, 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13101443
Moeurng S, Posridee K, Kamkaew A, Thaiudom S, Oonsivilai A, Oonsivilai R. Identification of Pheophytin a and Hydroxy Pheophytin a from Rang Chuet (Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.) as Potent NQO-1 Inducers in Liver Cells. Foods. 2024; 13(10):1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13101443
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoeurng, Sreylak, Kakanang Posridee, Anyanee Kamkaew, Siwatt Thaiudom, Anant Oonsivilai, and Ratchadaporn Oonsivilai. 2024. "Identification of Pheophytin a and Hydroxy Pheophytin a from Rang Chuet (Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.) as Potent NQO-1 Inducers in Liver Cells" Foods 13, no. 10: 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13101443