From Field to Waste Valorization: A Preliminary Study Exploring the Impact of the Wine Supply Chain on the Phenolic Profile of Three Sardinian Pomace Extracts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Pomace Reutilization
1.3. Aim of the Work
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description, Climatic Conditions and Agronomic Practices
2.2. Sample Collection and Fresh Grape Analysis
2.3. Winemaking Process
2.4. Physico-Chemical Parameters of the Musts
2.5. Chemicals
2.6. Fresh Fruit, Must and Pomace Extracts
2.7. Total Polyphenol Content of Crushed Grape, Musts, and Pomace Extracts by Folin–Ciocalteu Method
2.8. Identification and Quantification of Polyphenols of Pomace Extracts by HPLC
2.9. Statistical Analysis of Data
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Grape Production
3.2. Chemical Characteristics of Musts from Different Grapes and Vinification Processes
3.3. Total Polyphenol Content of Fruit
3.4. Total Polyphenol Content of Must
3.5. Total Polyphenol Content of Pomace
3.6. HPLC Characterization of Pomace Extracts
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cultivar | Location | Flowering | Veraison | Harvest |
---|---|---|---|---|
Malvasia | Su Pranu | 6 May | 7 July | 20 September |
Vermentino | Picciau | 13 May | 12 July | 8 September |
Nasco | Picciau | 10 May | 13 July | 25 September |
Cultivar | WB (g) | B/P | Yield (q/ha) | Moisture (%) | Sugar (g/kg) | Organic Acid (g/L) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malvasia | b 260 ± 3 | a 6 ± 1 | b 60 ± 4 | a 80.3 ± 0.8 | a 185 ± 40.0 | a 7.5 ± 4.0 | b 3.1 ± 0.1 |
Vermentino | a 270 ± 3 | a 7 ± 2 | a 100 ± 6 | a 80.7 ± 1.5 | a 209 ± 30.0 | a 6.4 ± 3.0 | a 3.4 ± 0.1 |
Nasco | c 210 ± 5 | a 4 ± 1 | c 50 ± 2 | a 79.4 ± 0.8 | a 200 ± 30.0 | a 5.4 ± 3.0 | a 3.5 ± 0.1 |
Cultivar | Alcohol (%v/v) | Sugars (g/L) | Organic Acids (g/L) | pH | Malic (g/L) | Lactic (g/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malvasia | a 0.09 ± 0.01 | a 249.2 ± 9.1 | a 4.4 ± 0.8 | a 3.5 ± 0.1 | a 1.7 ± 0.7 | b 0.02 ± 0.01 |
Vermentino | b 0.04 ± 0.01 | a 238.5 ± 9.0 | a 4.4 ± 0.7 | a 3.6 ± 0.1 | a 1.8 ± 0.5 | a 0.3 ± 0.1 |
Nasco | c 0 ± 0.1 | a 257.3 ± 16.1 | a 4.5 ± 0.6 | a 3.7 ± 0.1 | a 2.0 ± 0.4 | b 0.04 ± 0.1 |
Cultivar | Grape (mg/kg) | Must (mg/kg) | Pomace (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|
Malvasia | b 200 ± 29 | a 1088 ± 321 | b 9358 ± 278 |
Vermentino | a 306 ± 27 | a 961 ± 125 | a 11,507 ± 284 |
Nasco | a 341 ± 11 | b 685 ± 86 | b 9703 ± 435 |
Malvasia | Vermentino | Nasco | |
---|---|---|---|
Flavonoids | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
Quercetin 3-o-glucoside | a 165.5 ± 6.6 | a 154.0 ± 6.1 | a 159.9 ± 1.0 |
Quercetin derivate a | a 14.3 ± 7.4 | a 17.6 ± 2.9 | a 18.5 ± 3.8 |
Quercetin aglycon | a 16.6 ± 7.0 | a 13.0 ± 1.5 | a 12.5 ± 7.1 |
Kaempferol | a <LOQ | a <LOQ | a <LOQ |
Hydroxycinnamic acids | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
Coumaric acid | a 8.8 ± 6.6 | a 7.5 ± 6.4 | a 5.9 ± 5.4 |
Hydroxybenzoic acids | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
Gallic acid | b 206.8 ± 1.3 | a 223.6 ± 7.3 | a 234.2 ± 9.2 |
Syringic acid | a <LOQ | a <LOQ | a <LOQ |
Flavan-3-ols | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
Catechin | b 4732.8 ± 2.2 | a 6863.5 ± 3.7 | b 5243.4 ± 8.8 |
Epicatechin | a 3820.9 ± 4.4 | a 3970.6 ± 6.2 | a 4061.9 ± 4.7 |
Total polyphenol (FW) | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
b 9000.2 ± 4.3 | a 11,316.3 ± 6.5 | a 9821.1 ± 5.5 |
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Castangia, I.; Aroffu, M.; Fulgheri, F.; Abi Rached, R.; Corrias, F.; Sarais, G.; Bacchetta, G.; Argiolas, F.; Pinna, M.B.; Murru, M.; et al. From Field to Waste Valorization: A Preliminary Study Exploring the Impact of the Wine Supply Chain on the Phenolic Profile of Three Sardinian Pomace Extracts. Foods 2024, 13, 1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13091414
Castangia I, Aroffu M, Fulgheri F, Abi Rached R, Corrias F, Sarais G, Bacchetta G, Argiolas F, Pinna MB, Murru M, et al. From Field to Waste Valorization: A Preliminary Study Exploring the Impact of the Wine Supply Chain on the Phenolic Profile of Three Sardinian Pomace Extracts. Foods. 2024; 13(9):1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13091414
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastangia, Ines, Matteo Aroffu, Federica Fulgheri, Rita Abi Rached, Francesco Corrias, Giorgia Sarais, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Francesca Argiolas, Maria Barbara Pinna, Mariano Murru, and et al. 2024. "From Field to Waste Valorization: A Preliminary Study Exploring the Impact of the Wine Supply Chain on the Phenolic Profile of Three Sardinian Pomace Extracts" Foods 13, no. 9: 1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13091414