Differences in Waterbird Communities between Years Indicate the Positive Effects of Pen Culture Removal in Caizi Lake, a Typical Yangtze-Connected Lake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Bird Survey
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Water Area
3.2. Bird Community
3.3. Bird Community Index
3.4. Species Ccomposition
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Common Name | Scientific Name | Mean | N | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
17–18 | 21–22 | 17–18 | 21–22 | ||
Great Crested Grebe | Podiceps cristatus | 203 | 396 | 4 | 4 |
Little Grebe | Tachybaptus ruficollis | 156 | 54 | 4 | 4 |
Eurasian Coot | Fulica atra | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Common Moorhen | Gallinula chloropus | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
Siberian Crane | leucogeranus leucogeranus | 3 | 9 | 2 | 3 |
Hooded Crane | Grus monacha | 26 | 89 | 4 | 3 |
Common Crane | Grus grus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Greater White-Fronted Goose | Anser albifrons | 301 | 1365 | 4 | 3 |
Smew | Mergellus albellus | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
Chinese Spotbill Duck | Anas zonorhyncha | 588 | 2514 | 4 | 4 |
Eurasian Wigeon | Mareca penelope | 39 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Ruddy Shelduck | Tadorna ferruginea | 57 | 36 | 4 | 4 |
Gadwall | Mareca strepera | 7 | 121 | 1 | 3 |
Taiga Bean Goose | Anser fabalis | 7339 | 27,351 | 4 | 4 |
Tufted Duck | Aythya fuligula | 0 | 8 | 0 | 2 |
Common Pochard | Aythya ferina | 3 | 25 | 1 | 3 |
Baikal Teal | Sibirionetta formosa | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Swan Goose | Anser cygnoides | 12 | 23 | 3 | 2 |
Falcated Duck | Mareca falcata | 334 | 669 | 4 | 4 |
Eurasian Teal | Anas crecca | 347 | 5183 | 4 | 4 |
Mallard | Anas platyrhynchos | 647 | 938 | 4 | 4 |
Northern Shoveler | Spatual clypeata | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Common Merganser | Mergus merganser | 14 | 12 | 3 | 4 |
Common Shelduck | Tadorna tadorna | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Tundra Swan | Cygnus columbianus | 125 | 121 | 3 | 4 |
Northern Pintail | Anas acuta | 31 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Pied Avocet | Recurvirostra avosetta | 18 | 50 | 3 | 3 |
Black-Winged Stilt | Himantopus himantopus | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Northern Lapwing | Vanellus vanellus | 15 | 49 | 4 | 3 |
Kentish Plover | Charadrius alexandrinus | 51 | 35 | 3 | 1 |
Grey-Headed Lapwing | Vanellus cinereus | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 |
Little Ringed Plover | Charadrius dubius | 1 | 17 | 1 | 2 |
Green Sandpiper | Tringa ochropus | 8 | 688 | 2 | 4 |
Spotted Redshank | Tringa erythropus | 174 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
Dunlin | Calidris alpina | 1467 | 10 | 3 | 1 |
Common Redshank | Tringa totanus | 83 | 18 | 2 | 4 |
Common Sandpiper | Actitis hypoleucos | 8 | 33 | 2 | 4 |
Temminck’s Stint | Calidris temminckii | 0 | 7 | 0 | 1 |
Common Greenshank | Tringa nebularia | 55 | 7 | 4 | 4 |
Common Snipe | Gallinago gallinago | 0 | 7 | 1 | 4 |
Marsh Sandpiper | Tringa stagnatilis | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Black-Headed Gull | Chroicoephalus ridibundus | 1 | 115 | 1 | 3 |
Pallas’s Gull | Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | 0 | 132 | 1 | 4 |
European Herring Gull | Larus argentatus | 272 | 77 | 4 | 4 |
Great Cormorant | Phalacrocorax carbo | 476 | 4237 | 4 | 4 |
Eurasian Spoonbill | Platalea leucorodia | 376 | 446 | 4 | 4 |
Little Egret | Egretta garzetta | 31 | 77 | 4 | 4 |
Grey Heron | Ardea cinerea | 565 | 571 | 4 | 4 |
Chinese Pond Heron | Ardeola bacchus | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
Great Egret | Ardea alba | 318 | 130 | 4 | 4 |
Eastern Cattle Egret | Bubulcus ibis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Black-crowned Night Heron | Nycticorax nycticorax | 29 | 38 | 2 | 3 |
Intermediate Egret | Ardea intermedia | 19 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
Oriental Stork | Ciconia boyciana | 60 | 26 | 4 | 4 |
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The Whole Lake | Baituhu | Caizihu | Xizihu | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | p | A | p | A | p | A | p | |
All | 0.198 | 0.026 | 0.194 | 0.027 | 0.065 | 0.031 | 0.044 | 0.198 |
Nov. | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.031 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.481 | 0.030 | 0.048 |
Dec. | 0.021 | 0.001 | 0.038 | 0.001 | 0.039 | 0.005 | 0.036 | 0.010 |
Feb. | 0.014 | 0.003 | 0.013 | 0.028 | 0.009 | 0.205 | 0.016 | 0.058 |
Mar. | 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.025 | 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.065 | 0.027 | 0.005 |
Species | Whole Lake | Baituhu | Caizihu | Xizihu |
---|---|---|---|---|
Taiga Bean Goose (Anser fabalis) | 53.1% (+) | 71.9% (+) | 20.8% (+) | 37.4% (+) |
Eurasian Teal (Anas crecca) | 14.7% (+) | <3.0% (+) | <3.0% (+) | 8.2% (+) |
Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) | 10.1% (+) | 4.1% (+) | 11.5% (+) | 22.0% (+) |
Chinese Spotbill Duck (Anas zonorhyncha) | 5.0% (+) | 3.1% (+) | 15.3% (+) | 6.6% (+) |
Dunlin (Calidris alpina) | 3.4% (−) | 3.6% (−) | <3.0% (−) | <3.0% (−) |
Greater White-Fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) | 3.1% (+) | <3.0% (+) | 7.8% (+) | <3.0% (−) |
Green Sandpiper (Tringa ochropus) | <3.0% (+) | <3.0% (+) | <3.0% (+) | 3.1% (+) |
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) | <3.0% (+) | <3.0% (+) | 4.8% (+) | 6.0% (+) |
Falcated Duck (Mareca falcata) | <3.0% (+) | <3.0% (+) | 12.0% (+) | 3.9% (+) |
Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) | <3.0% (+) | <3.0% (−) | 3.4% (+) | 3.1% (+) |
Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) | <3.0% (+) | <3.0% (+) | 4.0% (−) | <3.0% (+) |
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Liu, T.; Cheng, L.; Song, X.; Zhang, H.; Wang, G.; Li, C. Differences in Waterbird Communities between Years Indicate the Positive Effects of Pen Culture Removal in Caizi Lake, a Typical Yangtze-Connected Lake. Ecologies 2024, 5, 296-311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies5020019
Liu T, Cheng L, Song X, Zhang H, Wang G, Li C. Differences in Waterbird Communities between Years Indicate the Positive Effects of Pen Culture Removal in Caizi Lake, a Typical Yangtze-Connected Lake. Ecologies. 2024; 5(2):296-311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies5020019
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Tengteng, Lin Cheng, Xiangrong Song, Hong Zhang, Guangyao Wang, and Chunlin Li. 2024. "Differences in Waterbird Communities between Years Indicate the Positive Effects of Pen Culture Removal in Caizi Lake, a Typical Yangtze-Connected Lake" Ecologies 5, no. 2: 296-311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies5020019