A New X-ray Medical-Image-Enhancement Method Based on Multiscale Shannon–Cosine Wavelet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Wavelet Multiscale Transform Fundamentals
2.1. Shannon–Cosine Wavelet and Their Properties
2.2. Multiscale Interpolation Wavelet Operator
3. Multiscale Digital X-ray Image-Enhancement and Noise-Reduction Algorithm
- 1.
- X-rays are passed through the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter to obtain the original X-ray digital photography image, .
- 2.
- The Shannon–Cosine wavelet transform is applied to the original image by using the multiscale properties of the Shannon–Cosine wavelet. A set of high-frequency images, , , ,… , and a low-frequency image, , are obtained after multilayer decomposition.
- 3.
- A nonlinear gain function,
- 4.
- The degree of pixel activity is defined by calculating the standard deviation within the local neighborhood of the central pixel. The pixel activity level is then bilinearly interpolated to correspond to high-frequency images at different scales, . Finally, the pixel gray-scale values are attenuated and enhanced according to the strength of each pixel’s activity level to achieve noise reduction.
3.1. Multiscale Diagnostic Detail Enhancement on DR Images
3.2. Adaptive Multiscale Noise Reduction in DR Images
4. Multiscale Medical-Image-Enhancement and Noise-Reduction Simulation
4.1. Simulations for Multicale Diagnostic Detail Enhancement on DR Images
4.2. Simulations for Multiscale Noise Reduction in DR Images
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Algorithms | PSNR | SSIM |
---|---|---|
HE | 28.8677 | 0.6946 |
CLAHE | 32.2087 | 0.8426 |
Wavelets | 30.4563 | 0.5261 |
This study | 36.9548 | 0.8297 |
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Liu, M.; Mei, S.; Liu, P.; Gasimov, Y.; Cattani, C. A New X-ray Medical-Image-Enhancement Method Based on Multiscale Shannon–Cosine Wavelet. Entropy 2022, 24, 1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/e24121754
Liu M, Mei S, Liu P, Gasimov Y, Cattani C. A New X-ray Medical-Image-Enhancement Method Based on Multiscale Shannon–Cosine Wavelet. Entropy. 2022; 24(12):1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/e24121754
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Meng, Shuli Mei, Pengfei Liu, Yusif Gasimov, and Carlo Cattani. 2022. "A New X-ray Medical-Image-Enhancement Method Based on Multiscale Shannon–Cosine Wavelet" Entropy 24, no. 12: 1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/e24121754