Multimodality Imaging of Benign Primary Cardiac Tumor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Clinical Manifestations
3. Multimodality Imaging
3.1. Echocardiography
3.2. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
3.3. Cardiac Computed Tomography
3.4. Positron Emission Tomography
4. Benign Cardiac Primary Cardiac Tumor (Table 1)
4.1. Myxoma
Type of Tumor | Common Age | Common Gender | Most Common Site | Echo Features | CT Features | CMR Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Myxoma | Middle age (30–60 y); younger if associated with Carney complex | Females | Left atrium; attached to the fossa ovalis | Heterogeneous; narrow pedicle; regular mobile throughout the cardiac cycle | Heterogeneous; low-attenuation; calcification seen in 10–20% of patients | Smooth, well-defined, lobular or oval; heterogeneous; isointense on T1WI; hyperintense on T2WI; heterogeneous enhancement |
Papillary fibroelastoma | 40–80 y | Men | Cardiac valves | Small (usually <1.5 cm); round; well-circumscribed; homogeneously textured appearance; a short pedicle; shimmering edges | Difficult to observe | Difficult to observe |
Lipoma | No defined age distribution | No defined sex distribution | Left heart; subendocardial layer | Usually hypoechoic in the pericardial space, homogenous and hyperechoic in cardiac chambers; broad base; immobile; well-circumscribed | Homogeneous fat attenuation; well-defined; smooth; encapsulated; no contrast enhanced | Homogeneous hyperintense on T1WI and complete signal loss in fat suppression sequence; hyperintensity on T2WI; no enhancement |
Rhabdomyoma | Infants and children | No defined sex distribution | Usually intramyocardial or intracavitary; no difference in distribution between the left and right heart | Multiple; small; round; lobulated; well-circumscribed; homogenous hyperecho | Multiple homogeneous low attenuation; no enhancement | Isointense on T1WI; hyperintense on T2WI; no enhancement |
Fibroma | Infants and children | No defined sex distribution | Ventricles | Large; intramural; well-circumscribed; noncontractile; central calcification | Homogenous; intramural; soft-tissue attenuation; central calcification; little to no enhancement | Iso-intense on T1WI; hypointense on T2WI; homogenous; no enhancement on resting first-pass perfusion imaging and EGE; hyperenhancement on LGE |
Paraganglioma | 20–60 y (typically in young adults) | No defined sex distribution | Left atrium; interatrial septum; aortic body | Granular; oval; well-demarcated; broad base; heterogeneous | Well-circumscribed; heterogeneous; low attenuation; heterogeneous marked enhancement | Isointense or hypointense on T1WI; hyerointense on T2WI; heterogeneous and peripheral rim enhancement |
Hemangioma | Adulthood | Females | Ventricles | Well-circumscribed; oscillated with the cardiac cycle; blood flow signals on color Doppler flow imaging; obviously enhancement | Well-defined; low density or equal density; heterogeneous intense enhancement; “vascular blush” on coronary angiography | Heterogeneous isointense or hypointense on T1WI; hyperintense on T2WI; heterogeneous enhancement |
4.2. Papillary Fibroelastoma
4.3. Lipoma
4.4. Rhabdomyoma
4.5. Fibroma
4.6. Cardiac Paraganglioma
4.7. Hemangioma
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lin, Y.; Wu, W.; Gao, L.; Ji, M.; Xie, M.; Li, Y. Multimodality Imaging of Benign Primary Cardiac Tumor. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2543. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102543
Lin Y, Wu W, Gao L, Ji M, Xie M, Li Y. Multimodality Imaging of Benign Primary Cardiac Tumor. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(10):2543. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102543
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Yixia, Wenqian Wu, Lang Gao, Mengmeng Ji, Mingxing Xie, and Yuman Li. 2022. "Multimodality Imaging of Benign Primary Cardiac Tumor" Diagnostics 12, no. 10: 2543. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102543