Assessing the Influence of Anthropogenic Land-Use Changes on Bird Diversity and Feeding Guilds—A Case Study of Kalametiya Lagoon (Southern Sri Lanka)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sampling Design
2.3. Bird Surveys
2.4. Vegetation Sampling
2.5. Environmental Sampling
2.6. Habitat Affiliation
2.7. Avifauna Analysis
- (i)
- Shannon–Wiener’s Index:
- (ii)
- Simpson’s Index:
- (iii)
- Pielou’s Evenness:
- (iv)
- Taxonomic Distinctness:
- (v)
- Taxonomic Breadth:
- (vi)
- Taxonomic Distinctness Variation:
3. Results
3.1. Habitat Affiliation
3.2. Diversity Analysis
3.3. Multivariate Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Latin Name | Vernacular Name | Relative Abundance | Number of Observations | Feeding Guild | Habitat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Himantopus himantopus | Black-winged Stilt | 10.29% | 252 | Inv | Sc/Ta |
Tringa totanus | Common Redshank | 9.35% | 229 | Inv | Sc |
Corvus splendens | House Crow | 5.67% | 139 | Pol | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Leptocoma zeylonica | Purple-rumped Sunbird | 5.22% | 128 | Inv | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Spilopelia chinensis | Spotted Dove | 4.57% | 112 | Hrb-FG | Sc/Ta |
Acridotheres tristis | Common Myna | 4.41% | 108 | Pol | Sc/Ta |
Vanellus indicus | Red-wattled Lapwing | 3.59% | 88 | Inv | Sc/Ta |
Merops philippinus | Blue-tailed Bee-Eater | 3.31% | 81 | Inv | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Plegadis falcinellus | Glossy Ibis | 3.18% | 78 | Pol | __ |
Microcarbo niger | Little Cormorant | 2.90% | 71 | Psc | Sc-Ta/Ta |
Ardea purpurea | Purple Heron | 2.90% | 71 | Pol | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Hirundo rustica | Barn Swallow | 2.16% | 53 | Inv | Sc/Ta |
Ducula aenea | Green Imperial Pigeon | 2.12% | 52 | Hrb-F | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Ardea intermedia | Intermediate Egret | 2.12% | 52 | Psc | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Egretta garzetta | Little Egret | 2.12% | 52 | Pol | Sc/Ta |
Psittacula krameri | Rose-ringed Parakeet | 2.12% | 52 | Hrb-FG | Sc/Ta |
Porphyrio poliocephalus | Grey-headed Swamphen | 2.08% | 51 | Hrb-P | Sc/Ta |
Dendrocygna javanica | Lesser Whistling-Duck | 1.88% | 46 | Pol | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Eudynamys scolopaceus | Asian Koel | 1.84% | 45 | Hrb-F | Sc/Ta |
Ardeola Grayii | Indian Pond Heron | 1.76% | 43 | Pol | Sc/Ta |
Sternula albifrons | Little Tern | 1.76% | 43 | Pol | Sc/Ta |
Psilopogon zeylanicus | Brown-headed Barbet | 1.51% | 37 | Hrb-F | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Ardea cinerea | Grey Heron | 1.47% | 36 | Psc | Ta |
Lonchura punctulata | Scaly-breasted Munia | 1.39% | 34 | Hrb-G | Sc |
Threskiornis melanocephalus | Black-headed Ibis | 1.31% | 32 | Pol | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Columba livia | Rock Dove | 1.31% | 32 | Hrb-FG | Sc/Ta |
Pelecanus philippensis | Spot-billed Pelican | 1.31% | 32 | Psc | Sc/Ta |
Lonchura malacca | Tricolored munia | 1.10% | 27 | Hrb-G | Sc/Ta |
Orthotomus sutorius | Common Tailorbird | 1.06% | 26 | Inv | Sc/Ta |
Anthus rufulus | Paddyfield Pipit | 1.02% | 25 | Inv | Sc/Sc-Ta |
Hydrophasianus chirurgus | Pheasant-tailed Jacana | 0.82% | 20 | Inv | Ta |
Pycnonotus cafer | Red-vented Bulbul | 0.82% | 20 | Hrb-F | Sc |
Dinopium psarodes | Red-backed Flameback | 0.78% | 19 | Inv | Sc/Ta |
Anastomus oscitans | Asian Openbill | 0.69% | 17 | Inv | Sc/Ta |
Anhinga melanogaster | Oriental Darter | 0.69% | 17 | Psc | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Halcyon smyrnensis | White-throated Kingfisher | 0.69% | 17 | Pol | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Argya affinis | Yellow-billed Babbler | 0.65% | 16 | Pol | Sc/Ta |
Centropus sinensis | Greater Coucal | 0.61% | 15 | Pol | Sc/Sc-Ta/Ta |
Tringa glareola | Wood Sandpiper | 0.57% | 14 | Pol | Sc |
Prinia socialis | Ashy Prinia | 0.53% | 13 | Inv | Ta |
Sterna hirundo | Common Tern | 0.49% | 12 | Pol | Ta |
Mycteria leucocephala | Painted Stork | 0.49% | 12 | Psc | Sc/Ta |
Chalcophaps indica | Common Emerald Dove | 0.45% | 11 | Hrb-FG | Ta |
Pycnonotus luteolus | White-browed Bulbul | 0.45% | 11 | Hrb-F | Sc |
Lalage melanoptera | Black-headed Cuckooshrike | 0.41% | 10 | Inv | Sc/Ta |
Oriolus xanthornus | Black-hooded Oriole | 0.37% | 9 | Hrb-F | Sc/Ta |
Alcedo atthis | Common Kingfisher | 0.37% | 9 | Psc | Sc/Ta |
Prinia inornata | Plain Prinia | 0.37% | 9 | Inv | Sc |
Ixobrychus sinensis | Yellow Bittern | 0.37% | 9 | Inv | Ta |
Vanellus malabricus | Yellow-wattled Lapwing | 0.37% | 9 | Inv | Sc |
Pavo cristatus | Indian Peafowl | 0.33% | 8 | Pol | Sc/Ta |
Ceryle rudis | Pied Kingfisher | 0.29% | 7 | Psc | Ta |
Motacilla cinerea | Grey Wagtail | 0.24% | 6 | Inv | Sc |
Gallus lafayettii | Sri Lanka Junglefowl | 0.24% | 6 | Pol | __ |
Rhipidura aureola | White-browed Fantail | 0.20% | 5 | Inv | Ta |
Merops orientalis | Asian Green Bee-Eater | 0.16% | 4 | Inv | Sc |
Copsychus saularis | Oriental Magpie-Robin | 0.16% | 4 | Inv | Sc |
Gallinula chloropus | Common Moorhen | 0.12% | 3 | Pol | __ |
Lanius cristatus | Brown Shrike | 0.08% | 2 | Inv | Sc |
Treron bicinctus | Orange-breasted Green Pigeon | 0.08% | 2 | Hrb-F | Sc |
Pelargopsis capensis | Stork-billed Kingfisher | 0.08% | 2 | Pol | Sc |
Amaurornis phoenicurus | White-breasted Waterhen | 0.08% | 2 | Pol | Sc |
Dicaeum vincens | Legge’s Flowerpecker | 0.08% | 2 | Hrb-F | Sc |
Ardea alba | Great Egret | 0.04% | 1 | Psc | __ |
Feeding Guild | N | RA | S | H | 1−λ | J | Δ* | Δ+ | Λ+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 2450 | __ | 64 | 3.584 | 0.9594 | 0.8618 | 95.66 | 95.51 | 140.40 |
Inv | 1009 | 41.18% | 21 | 2.263 | 0.8503 | 0.7434 | 91.38 | 91.07 | 214.9 |
Pol | 707 | 28.86% | 19 | 2.483 | 0.8942 | 0.8432 | 93.05 | 96.05 | 141.6 |
Psc | 237 | 9.67% | 9 | 1.842 | 0.8108 | 0.8383 | 88.95 | 89.58 | 499.1 |
Hrb-F | 178 | 7.27% | 8 | 1.70 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 97.54 | 91.07 | 322.1 |
Hrb-FG | 207 | 8.45% | 4 | 1.12 | 0.62 | 0.81 | 80.47 | 75 | 625 |
Hrb-G | 61 | 2.49% | 2 | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.99 | 25 | 25 | __ |
Hrb-P | 51 | 2.08% | 1 | __ | __ | __ | __ | __ | __ |
Categories | N | S | Chao2 (±SD) | Jacknife2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | (±SD) | Total | (±SD) | |||
Overall | 2450 | 66.22 (56.04) | 64 | 15.59 (4.01) | 65 (1.46) | 64.32 |
Sc | 619 | 61.9 (9.86) | 51 | 14.4 * (2.17) | 69.18 (10.69) | 77.18 |
Ta | 372 | 74.4 (13.59) | 44 | 22.6 * (2.61) | 48.55 (3.83) | 53.05 |
Categories | (±SD) | (±SD) | (±SD) | (±SD) | (±SD) | (±SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sc | 2.39 * (0.16) | 0.88 (0.03) | 0.9 (0.04) | 93.12 (3.41) | 94.03 (2.61) | 167.13 (65.62) |
Ta | 2.83 * (0.31) | 0.92 (0.05) | 0.91 (0.08) | 94.72 (1.62) | 95.9 (0.71) | 152.86 (28.31) |
Sc | Ta | ||
---|---|---|---|
Common Name | RA | Common Name | RA |
Leptocoma zeylonica | 13.57% | Himantopus himantopus | 9.14% |
Spilopelia chinensis | 12.12% | Ardea purpurea | 5.91% |
Vanellus indicus | 7.43% | Leptocoma zeylonica | 5.65% |
Acridotheres tristis | 5.98% | Ducula aenea | 5.38% |
Merops philippinus | 4.52% | Corvus splendens | 4.57% |
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Bernard, T.; Kodikara, K.A.S.; Sleutel, J.; Wijeratne, G.G.N.K.; Hugé, J.; Kumara, M.P.; Weerasinghe, M.A.Y.N.; Ranakawa, D.P.D.; Thakshila, W.A.K.G.; Dahdouh-Guebas, F. Assessing the Influence of Anthropogenic Land-Use Changes on Bird Diversity and Feeding Guilds—A Case Study of Kalametiya Lagoon (Southern Sri Lanka). Diversity 2023, 15, 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030383
Bernard T, Kodikara KAS, Sleutel J, Wijeratne GGNK, Hugé J, Kumara MP, Weerasinghe MAYN, Ranakawa DPD, Thakshila WAKG, Dahdouh-Guebas F. Assessing the Influence of Anthropogenic Land-Use Changes on Bird Diversity and Feeding Guilds—A Case Study of Kalametiya Lagoon (Southern Sri Lanka). Diversity. 2023; 15(3):383. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030383
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernard, Tom, K. A. S. Kodikara, Jani Sleutel, G. G. N. K. Wijeratne, Jean Hugé, M. P. Kumara, M. A. Y. N. Weerasinghe, D. P. D. Ranakawa, W. A. K. G. Thakshila, and Farid Dahdouh-Guebas. 2023. "Assessing the Influence of Anthropogenic Land-Use Changes on Bird Diversity and Feeding Guilds—A Case Study of Kalametiya Lagoon (Southern Sri Lanka)" Diversity 15, no. 3: 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030383