Species Richness, Ecology, and Prediction of Orchids in Central Europe: Local-Scale Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sampling and Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Diversity of Orchids in a Central European Context
4.2. Effects of Ecological Factors on Orchids Diversity
4.3. Prediction of Orchid Occurrence and Nature Conservation Consequences
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Variable | Abbreviation | Model | Pseudo-r2 | P | Multiple Testing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Minimal longitude | x_min | Polynomial | 0.3906 | 0.0016 | * |
2 Geology bedrock: carbonate-containing sediments | gVap | Linear | 0.2605 | 0.0047 | * |
3 Maximal yearly solar irradiation | r13_max | Polynomial | 0.3354 | 0.0049 | * |
4 Corine landscape type: Agricultural land | cAgr | Linear | 0.1450 | 0.0416 | ns |
1 Median xericity | xericita_median | Linear | 0.0966 | 0.1008 | ns |
1 Longitude range | x_range | Linear | 0.0897 | 0.1144 | ns |
4 Number of Corine landscape types | Ncorine | Linear | 0.0821 | 0.1318 | ns |
3 Maximal yearly solar irradiation | r13_range | Polynomial | 0.1390 | 0.1429 | ns |
3 Median yearly solar irradiation | r13_median | Linear | 0.0604 | 0.1986 | ns |
4 Corine landscape type: Forests | cFor | Linear | 0.0586 | 0.2058 | ns |
1 Minimal xericity | xericita_min | Linear | 0.0528 | 0.2306 | ns |
1 Median latitude | y_median | Linear | 0.0474 | 0.2567 | ns |
2 Geology bedrock: Quaternary sediments | gKvar | Linear | 0.0467 | 0.2601 | ns |
3 Minimal yearly solar irradiation | r13_min | Linear | 0.0285 | 0.3810 | ns |
1 Xericity Range | xericita_range | Linear | 0.0226 | 0.4359 | ns |
2 Geology bedrock: Tertiary sediments | gSed | Linear | 0.0155 | 0.5203 | ns |
2 Geology inverse Simpson index | iSgeoCl | Linear | 0.0149 | 0.5278 | ns |
1 Minimal elevation | dem_min | Linear | 0.0145 | 0.5343 | ns |
2 Number of geology bedrock types | nGeo | Linear | 0.0117 | 0.5772 | ns |
4 Corine landscape type inverse Simpson index | iScorineCl | Linear | 0.0054 | 0.7052 | ns |
2 Geology bedrock: Vulcanites | gVul | Linear | 0.0045 | 0.7295 | ns |
3 Range of temperature between warmest and the coldest month | bio7_range | Linear | 0.0011 | 0.8639 | ns |
4 Corine landscape type: Pastures | cPast | Linear | 0.0011 | 0.8673 | ns |
1 Maximal xericity | xericita_max | Linear | 0.0007 | 0.8927 | ns |
3 Range of yearly precipitation | p13_range | Linear | 0.0004 | 0.9211 | ns |
1 Range of latitude | y_range | Linear | 0.0000 | 0.9818 | ns |
Percent Contribution/Permutation Importance | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | AUC | Threshold | Area | dem | r13 | bio7 | xericity | CLC | geo |
C. damasonium | 0.862 | 0.198 | 0.420 | 0.4/0.0 | 0.1/0.1 | 25.3/46.3 | 15.9/18.8 | 31.2/22.0 | 27.0/12.8 |
C. longifolia | 0.892 | 0.212 | 0.298 | 13.0/18.8 | 0.1/0.0 | 1.0/3.1 | 4.8/5.9 | 24.9/18.9 | 56.2/53.3 |
C. rubra | 0.904 | 0.304 | 0.307 | 0.6/2.6 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 45.6/54.6 | 37.2/37.3 | 16.6/5.5 |
E. microphylla | 0.878 | 0.194 | 0.356 | 2.6/0.0 | 1.1/3.9 | 24.7/42.4 | 26.2/16.1 | 27.5/33.7 | 17.9/3.9 |
E. neglecta | 0.951 | 0.362 | 0.136 | 0.7/3.4 | 10.8/17.8 | 40.2/34.7 | 3.5/1.1 | 26.9/32.1 | 18.0/10.8 |
E. pontica | 0.909 | 0.209 | 0.286 | 1.3/1.7 | 3.6/1.9 | 31.6/21.8 | 14.0/12.8 | 42.8/55.1 | 6.7/6.7 |
E. purpurata | 0.873 | 0.334 | 0.404 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 9.3/12.3 | 52.1/53.6 | 38.6/34.2 |
O. morio | 0.848 | 0.297 | 0.376 | 6.4/4.1 | 2.4/3.2 | 1.5/0.0 | 0.4/0.0 | 66.9/85.7 | 22.4/6.9 |
O. purpurea | 0.946 | 0.201 | 0.110 | 13.9/69.8 | 0.4/2.3 | 6.1/2.3 | 3.8/3.2 | 15.7/1.9 | 60.0/20.6 |
Average | 0.896 | 0.257 | 0.299 | 4.3/11.2 | 2.1/3.2 | 14.5/16.7 | 13.7/13.9 | 36.1/37.8 | 29.3/17.2 |
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Hrivnák, M.; Slezák, M.; Galvánek, D.; Vlčko, J.; Belanová, E.; Rízová, V.; Senko, D.; Hrivnák, R. Species Richness, Ecology, and Prediction of Orchids in Central Europe: Local-Scale Study. Diversity 2020, 12, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040154
Hrivnák M, Slezák M, Galvánek D, Vlčko J, Belanová E, Rízová V, Senko D, Hrivnák R. Species Richness, Ecology, and Prediction of Orchids in Central Europe: Local-Scale Study. Diversity. 2020; 12(4):154. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040154
Chicago/Turabian StyleHrivnák, Matúš, Michal Slezák, Dobromil Galvánek, Jaroslav Vlčko, Eva Belanová, Veronika Rízová, Dušan Senko, and Richard Hrivnák. 2020. "Species Richness, Ecology, and Prediction of Orchids in Central Europe: Local-Scale Study" Diversity 12, no. 4: 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040154