Austrian COLOSS Survey of Honey Bee Colony Winter Losses 2018/19 and Analysis of Hive Management Practices
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey Design and Response Rate
2.2. Data Validation and Error Control
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Survey Data
3.2. Loss Rate Overview
3.3. Queen Management
3.4. Hive Management Practices
3.5. Forage as Risk Factor
3.6. Varroa Control
3.6.1. Overview
3.6.2. Treatment as Single Factor
3.6.3. Drone Brood Removal Combination
3.6.4. Treatment Combinations
4. Discussion
4.1. Survey Data and Overall Losses
4.2. Queen Management
4.3. Hive Management Practices
4.4. Forage as Risk Factor
4.5. Varroa Control
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AGES | the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety |
CI | confidence interval |
COLOSS | prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes |
DWV | deformed wing virus |
GZLM | generalized linear model |
Appendix A
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Beekeepers | Survey Particip. | Survey (%) | Colonies | Survey Colonies | Survey (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burgenland | 642 | 35 | 5.5 | 11,530 | 759 | 6.6 |
Carinthia | 3013 | 147 | 4.9 | 33,993 | 3784 | 11.1 |
Lower Austria | 4605 | 387 | 8.4 | 41,414 | 9486 | 22.9 |
Upper Austria | 8075 | 276 | 3.4 | 80,000 | 5951 | 7.4 |
Salzburg | 2574 | 74 | 2.9 | 19,035 | 1586 | 8.3 |
Styria | 4038 | 218 | 5.4 | 54,960 | 5706 | 10.4 |
Tyrol | 2825 | 141 | 5.0 | 36,094 | 2963 | 8.2 |
Vorarlberg | 1530 | 178 | 11.6 | 10,106 | 2333 | 23.1 |
Vienna | 707 | 78 | 11.0 | 6124 | 1083 | 17.7 |
not specified | 423 | - | - | 80,156 | - | - |
Total | 28,009 | 1534 | 5.5 | 373,412 | 33,651 | 9.0 |
Letter | Comb. | Methods | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 2 | SUMMER | Formic acid—long term | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling | ||
B | 2 | SUMMER | Formic acid—short term | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling | ||
C | 2 | SUMMER | Formic acid—long term | WINTER | Oxalic acid—sublimation | ||
D | 2 | SUMMER | Formic acid—short term | WINTER | Oxalic acid—sublimation | ||
E | 3 | SUMMER | Formic acid—short term | SUMMER | Formic acid—long term | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling |
F | 2 | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—sublimation | WINTER | Oxalic acid—sublimation | ||
G | 3 | SUMMER | Formic acid—short term | SUMMER | Formic acid—long term | WINTER | Oxalic acid—sublimation |
H | 3 | SUMMER | Formic acid—long term | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—sublimation | WINTER | Oxalic acid—sublimation |
I | 3 | SUMMER | Formic acid—long term | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—trickling | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling |
J | 3 | SUMMER | Formic acid—short term | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—sublimation | WINTER | Oxalic acid—sublimation |
K | 3 | SUMMER | Biotechnical method | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—sublimation | WINTER | Oxalic acid—sublimation |
L | 3 | SUMMER | Formic acid—short term | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—trickling | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling |
M | 1 | SUMMER | Formic acid—long term | ||||
N | 3 | SUMMER | Biotechnical method | SUMMER | Formic acid—long term | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling |
O | 1 | SUMMER | Formic acid—short term | ||||
P | 2 | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—trickling | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling | ||
Q | 3 | SUMMER | Biotechnical method | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—trickling | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling |
R | 3 | SUMMER | Formic acid—short term | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—trickling | WINTER | Oxalic acid—sublimation |
S | 3 | SUMMER | Biotechnical method | SUMMER | Formic acid—short term | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling |
T | 3 | SUMMER | Oxalic acid—trickling | SUMMER | Thymol | WINTER | Oxalic acid—trickling |
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Oberreiter, H.; Brodschneider, R. Austrian COLOSS Survey of Honey Bee Colony Winter Losses 2018/19 and Analysis of Hive Management Practices. Diversity 2020, 12, 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030099
Oberreiter H, Brodschneider R. Austrian COLOSS Survey of Honey Bee Colony Winter Losses 2018/19 and Analysis of Hive Management Practices. Diversity. 2020; 12(3):99. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030099
Chicago/Turabian StyleOberreiter, Hannes, and Robert Brodschneider. 2020. "Austrian COLOSS Survey of Honey Bee Colony Winter Losses 2018/19 and Analysis of Hive Management Practices" Diversity 12, no. 3: 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030099