Livelihood, Food and Nutrition Security in Southern Africa: What Role Do Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources Play?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Contributions of Indigenous Cattle Genetic Diversity to Livelihood, Food and Nutrition Security
3. Economic Contributions of Indigenous Cattle to Livelihood, Food and Nutrition Security
3.1. Beef
3.2. Milk
3.3. Dung
3.4. Draught Animal Power
3.5. Other Products and By-Products From Cattle
3.6. Income Generation
3.7. Employment
4. Socio-Cultural Contributions of Indigenous Cattle to Livelihood, Food and Nutrition Security
5. Contributions of Indigenous Cattle Breeds’ Ecosystem Services to Livelihoods, Food Security and Nutrition Security
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Nguni a,c | Malawi Zebu b | Bonsmara c | Aberdeen Angus c |
---|---|---|---|---|
Average daily gain (kg/d) | 0.20–0.38 | 0.83 ± 11 | 1.83 ± 16.6 | 1.98 ± 19.4 |
Slaughter weight (kg) | 205–295 | 241 ± 12.3 | 255 ± 6.8 | 240 ± 8.0 |
Cold carcass weight (kg) | 107–170 | 119 ± 6.17 | 145 ± 3.7 | 129 ± 4.4 |
Dressing percentage | 52.1–56.3 | 50.4 ± 0.58 | 56.9 ± 0.78 | 53.7 ± 0.92 |
Meat proximate (%) | ||||
Moisture | 76.2–77.4 | 72.2 ± 0.77 | 77.7 ± 0.13 | 77.7–77.9 |
Protein | 21.0–22.5 | 22.3 ± 0.62 | 20.6 ± 0.12 | 20.0–20.4 |
Fat | 0.87–1.21 | 1.80 ± 0.45 | 0.79 ± 0.08 | 0.76–1.18 |
Ash | 1.07–1.80 | 1.20 ± 0.07 | 1.07 ± 0.01 | 1.06–1.07 |
Meat colour | ||||
Meat lightness (L*) | 36.5–38.2 | 39.6 ± 1.65 | 38.6 ± 0.52 | 39.9 ± 0.62 |
Meat redness (a*) | 15.5–15.8 | 12.6 ± 0.94 | 16.0 ± 0.39 | 16.6 ± 0.47 |
Meat yellowness (b*) | 6.5–7.4 | 7.73 ± 1.11 | 6.7 ± 0.21 | 7.1 ± 0.25 |
Meat tenderness (WBSF d, Newtons) | 39.2–61.8 | 41.2 ± 4.9 | 46.1 ± 3.82 | 37.2 ± 4.51 |
Fatty acids (%) | ||||
Oleic acid | 28.9–31.8 | - | 29.9 ± 0.60 | 31.1 ± 0.94 |
Vaccenic acid | 1.28–1.39 | - | 1.40 ± 0.18 | 1.74 ± 0.28 |
Rumenic acid | 0.34–0.39 | - | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.05 |
Linoleic acid | 2.41–5.44 | - | 2.49 ± 0.13 | 2.21 ± 2.08 |
Alpha-linolenic acid | 1.53–2.41 | - | 2.48 ± 0.13 | 2.20 ± 0.21 |
Eicosapentaenoic acid | 1.60–1.95 | - | 2.04 ± 0.15 | 2.00 ± 0.23 |
Docosahexaenoic acid | 0.10–2.64 | - | 2.57 ± 0.19 | 2.43 ± 0.30 |
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Mapiye, O.; Chikwanha, O.C.; Makombe, G.; Dzama, K.; Mapiye, C. Livelihood, Food and Nutrition Security in Southern Africa: What Role Do Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources Play? Diversity 2020, 12, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12020074
Mapiye O, Chikwanha OC, Makombe G, Dzama K, Mapiye C. Livelihood, Food and Nutrition Security in Southern Africa: What Role Do Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources Play? Diversity. 2020; 12(2):74. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12020074
Chicago/Turabian StyleMapiye, Obvious, Obert C. Chikwanha, Godswill Makombe, Kennedy Dzama, and Cletos Mapiye. 2020. "Livelihood, Food and Nutrition Security in Southern Africa: What Role Do Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources Play?" Diversity 12, no. 2: 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12020074