Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rosacea: A Phenotype-Based Therapeutic Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pathophysiology
2.1. Environmental Factors
2.2. Genetic Predisposition
2.3. Immune Dysregulation
2.4. Vascular, Neurovascular, and Neuroinflammatory Dysregulation
2.5. Other Contributors (Sebaceous Glands, Skin Barrier Dysfunction, and Microbial Dysbiosis)
3. Classification
4. Treatments
4.1. Transient/Persistent Centrofacial Erythema and Telangiectasia
4.2. Papulopustular Rosacea
4.3. Phymatous Changes
4.4. Ocular Symptoms
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rosacea Subtype | First Line Therapies | Alternatives |
Erythemato-telangectatic |
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Papulopustular |
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Phymatous |
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Ocular |
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Galluccio, G.; D’Onghia, M.; Malvaso, D.; Lazzeri, L.; Cinotti, E.; Rubegni, G.; Rubegni, P.; Calabrese, L. Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rosacea: A Phenotype-Based Therapeutic Approach. Cosmetics 2024, 11, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11010011
Galluccio G, D’Onghia M, Malvaso D, Lazzeri L, Cinotti E, Rubegni G, Rubegni P, Calabrese L. Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rosacea: A Phenotype-Based Therapeutic Approach. Cosmetics. 2024; 11(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11010011
Chicago/Turabian StyleGalluccio, Giulia, Martina D’Onghia, Dalma Malvaso, Laura Lazzeri, Elisa Cinotti, Giovanni Rubegni, Pietro Rubegni, and Laura Calabrese. 2024. "Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rosacea: A Phenotype-Based Therapeutic Approach" Cosmetics 11, no. 1: 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11010011