Phytochemical Compounds as Cleaning Agents on Granite Colonized by Phototrophic Subaerial Biofilms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Granite Blocks Inoculated with Phototrophic Microorganisms
2.2. Essential Oils and Their Main Active Compounds
2.3. Experimental Setup
2.4. Chemical Characterization of the Commercial Essential Oils (EOs)
2.5. Evaluation of Cleaning Effectiveness by Using Color Spectrophotometry Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Essential Oils (EOs) Content and Chemical Composition
3.2. Cleaning Effectiveness of the Treatments
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound. | C. nepeta | T. vulgaris1 | O. vulgare1 |
---|---|---|---|
α-thujene | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
α-pinene | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Camphene | 0.04 | 1.0 | 0.1 |
Sabinene | 0.4 | – | – |
β-pinene | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
3-octanone | 0.1 | – | 0.3 |
β-mircene | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1.1 |
3-octanol | 1.7 | – | – |
α-phellandrene | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
α-terpinene | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.7 |
p-cimene | 0.2 | 15.8 | 6.5 |
Limonene | 9.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
1,8-cineole | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
cis-b-ocimene | 0.2 | – | – |
trans-b-ocimene | 0.2 | – | – |
γ-terpinene | 0.5 | 10.2 | 5.9 |
cis-sabinene hydrate | 0.1 | – | – |
Terpinolene | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
Linalool | 0.7 | 4.5 | 1.6 |
Camphor | 0.1 | 0.8 | – |
Menthone | 2.1 | 0.2 | – |
Isomenthone | 3.8 | – | – |
Borneol | – | 1.2 | 0.2 |
Menthol | 0.1 | – | – |
terpinene-4-ol | 3.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 |
α-terpineol | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Verbenone | – | 0.2 | – |
Pulegone | 55.2 | – | – |
Piperitone | 0.6 | – | – |
Thymol | – | 46.4 | 3.8 |
Carvacrol | – | 4.0 | 70.5 |
Piperitenone | 10 | – | – |
piperitenone oxide | 0.4 | – | – |
α-copaene | 0.1 | – | – |
β-bourbonene | 0.1 | – | – |
trans-β-caryophyllene | 0.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
germacrene D | 0.9 | – | – |
α-humulene | 0.1 | – | 0.2 |
β-bisabolene | – | – | 0.3 |
γ-cadinene | 0.3 | 0.1 | – |
δ-cadinene | 0.4 | 0.1 | – |
carophyllene oxyde | – | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Treatment | Components | Δa* (CIELAB Units) | Δb* (CIELAB Units) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
After Cleaning | One Week after Cleaning | Two Weeks after Cleaning | After Cleaning | One Week after Cleaning | Two Weeks after Cleaning | ||
T1 | T. vulgaris | 2.4A | 4.4B | 5.3B | −2.0A | −7.3B | −9.0B |
T2 | O. vulgare | 2.2A | 3.6B | 4.3C | −1.7A | −7.3B | −8.8B |
T3 | C. nepeta | 4.0A | 4.8A | 4.8A | −6.3A | −10.1B | −11.5B |
T4 | Thymol | 1.2A | 2.5B | 2.9B | −0.8A | −5.9B | −8.7B |
T5 | Carvacrol | 2.7A | 3.6AB | 4.4B | −3.5A | −7.8B | −8.9B |
T6 | Pulegone | 3.7A | 5.1B | 5.0B | −6.8A | −10.9B | −12.7B |
T7 | All EOs | 0.9A | 2.6B | 2.8B | −0.2A | −5.6B | −8.0C |
T8 | All APs | 3.0A | 4.1B | 4.4B | 0.0A | −5.5B | −7.3C |
T9 | Hydrogel | 4.0A | 4.6B | 4.5B | −3.9A | −7.6B | −8.2B |
T10 | Preventol + Hydrogel | 2.1A | 4.6B | 5.0B | −2.7A | −4.4AB | −6.3B |
T11 | Preventol | 3.1A | 4.1B | 4.2B | −7.5A | −9.2B | −9.7B |
T12 | Water | 3.1A | 3.2A | 3.6A | −8.4A | −9.1A | −10.0A |
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Genova, C.; Fuentes, E.; Sanmartín, P.; Favero, G.; Prieto, B. Phytochemical Compounds as Cleaning Agents on Granite Colonized by Phototrophic Subaerial Biofilms. Coatings 2020, 10, 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030295
Genova C, Fuentes E, Sanmartín P, Favero G, Prieto B. Phytochemical Compounds as Cleaning Agents on Granite Colonized by Phototrophic Subaerial Biofilms. Coatings. 2020; 10(3):295. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030295
Chicago/Turabian StyleGenova, Chiara, Elsa Fuentes, Patricia Sanmartín, Gabriele Favero, and Beatriz Prieto. 2020. "Phytochemical Compounds as Cleaning Agents on Granite Colonized by Phototrophic Subaerial Biofilms" Coatings 10, no. 3: 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030295