Chronic Infections: A Possible Scenario for Autophagy and Senescence Cross-Talk
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Autophagy and Senescence
3. The Aging of the Immune System
4. Senescence and Chronic Infections
4.1. Bacterial Infections and Senescence
4.2. The Chronic Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection
4.3. Persistent Human Cytomegalovirus Antigenic Stimulation and Immunosenescense: Possible Role for the Autophagy Pathway
5. Concluding Remarks
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Immunity | Cell Type | Senescent Phenotype | |
---|---|---|---|
Innate immunity | Neutrophils | Phagocytic activity Superoxide generation | |
Macrophages | Phagocytic capabilities Superoxide production MHC Levels | | |
Dendritic cells | Migration capabilities | | |
Alterations in phagocytic activity of apoptotic cells | |||
Adaptive immunity | T-cells | CD4(+) and CD8(+) CD28(+) | |
Proportion CD8(+) CD28(+) | | ||
Blood naïve CD8(+) | | ||
Proliferative activity | | ||
B-cells | IgD(−) CD27(−) | | |
Basal levels of IL-10 and TNF-α | |
Pathogen | Autophagy | Senescence |
---|---|---|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Activated (pyocyanin) | Activated (pyocyanin) |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Blocked autophagic flux (ESAT-6) | Activated (immunosenescence) |
Helicobacter pylori | Blocked autophagic flux (VacA) | Activated (CagA) |
Trypanosoma cruzi | Activated Blocked autophagic flux | Activated |
HCMV | Activated Blocked autophagic flux (TRS1 and IRS1) | Activated (immunosenescence) |
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Aguilera, M.O.; Delgui, L.R.; Romano, P.S.; Colombo, M.I. Chronic Infections: A Possible Scenario for Autophagy and Senescence Cross-Talk. Cells 2018, 7, 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7100162
Aguilera MO, Delgui LR, Romano PS, Colombo MI. Chronic Infections: A Possible Scenario for Autophagy and Senescence Cross-Talk. Cells. 2018; 7(10):162. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7100162
Chicago/Turabian StyleAguilera, Milton O., Laura R. Delgui, Patricia S. Romano, and María I. Colombo. 2018. "Chronic Infections: A Possible Scenario for Autophagy and Senescence Cross-Talk" Cells 7, no. 10: 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7100162