Early-Released Interleukin-10 Significantly Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Elicited Neuroinflammation In Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Reagents
2.3. Primary Mouse Mixed Glial Cultures
2.4. Real-Time RT-PCR Analysis
2.5. Cytokine ELISAs
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Bimodal Expression of Microglial IL-10 mRNA upon LPS Stimulation
3.2. Early-Phase Released Picomolar IL-10 Protein Exerts Potent Effects on the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines
3.3. Activation of β2-Adrenergic Receptor by Salmeterol Potentiates Early-Phase but Not Late-Phase of IL-10 Expression
3.4. Early-Phase Released IL-10 Is Crucial for the Anti-Inflammatory Function of Salmeterol in Both Repressing Proinflammatory Response and Promoting Arg1 Expression
4. Discussion
4.1. The Critical Role of Early-Phase Released IL-10 in Regulating Neuroinflammation from the Initial Stage
4.2. A Bimodal LPS-Elicited Increase in Expression of Microglial IL-10 mRNA in Mouse Primary Glial Cultures
4.3. The Pivotal Role of Quick-Primed IL-10 in β2-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists-Modified Neuroinflammation
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, Y.; Yu, P.; Li, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Wu, X.; Zhang, L.; Feng, J.; Hong, J.-S. Early-Released Interleukin-10 Significantly Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Elicited Neuroinflammation In Vitro. Cells 2021, 10, 2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092173
Wang Y, Yu P, Li Y, Zhao Z, Wu X, Zhang L, Feng J, Hong J-S. Early-Released Interleukin-10 Significantly Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Elicited Neuroinflammation In Vitro. Cells. 2021; 10(9):2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092173
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yubao, Pei Yu, Yi Li, Zhan Zhao, Xiaomei Wu, Lu Zhang, Jing Feng, and Jau-Shyong Hong. 2021. "Early-Released Interleukin-10 Significantly Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Elicited Neuroinflammation In Vitro" Cells 10, no. 9: 2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092173