Quantitative Analysis of Vernacular Residential Building Typologies and Bioclimatic Strategies in the Warm-Summer Mediterranean Climate: The Montesinho Natural Park as a Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Montesinho Natural Park (MNP) as Case Study
3. Vernacular Typologies of Selected Villages
3.1. Method, Basis, and Assumptions
3.2. Results
3.2.1. Absolute Distribution of Architectural Typologies in MNP
3.2.2. Relative Frequency and Probability for a Normal Distribution Approach
3.3. Discussion of the Results
4. Bioclimatic Strategies Observed in MNP Vernacular Architecture (Building Level)
4.1. High-Thermal-Inertia Walls
4.2. Roof
- (a)
- Gable roof
- (b)
- Thermal capture in low-roof spaces
- (c)
- Roof eave, extended roof, and balcony
- (d)
- Roof cover—tiles and slates
4.3. Animals/Cattle on the Ground Floor
4.4. Limited Number and Size of Openings
4.5. Small Indoor Building Space
4.6. Dark Thermal Envelope
4.7. Vegetation Wall
4.8. Kitchen and Fireplace Position
4.9. Summary of Bioclimatic Principles
5. Conclusions
5.1. Main Findings and Their Significance
5.2. Example of Linkages between Typology and Bioclimatic Strategy
5.3. Circularity, Life Cycle, and Sustainability Aspects
5.4. Limitations, Biases, and Future Recommendations
5.5. Insights, Comparison, and Actionable Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Lowest | Highest | December | January | February | July | August | September |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average Maximum Daily Temperature, °C | Jan 8.5 | Jul–Aug 28.5 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 11.1 | 28.5 | 28.5 | 24.8 |
Average Minimum Daily Temperature, °C | Jan 0.3 | Jul 14 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 14 | 13.7 | 11.5 |
Highest Daily Maximum Temperature, °C | Jan 17.4 | Jul 38.8 | 18.8 | 17.4 | 20.4 | 38.8 | 38.4 | 37.7 |
Lowest Daily Minimum Temperature, °C | Feb −11.6 | Jul–Aug 4.4 | −7.1 | −11.4 | −11.6 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 1.4 |
Average Amount of Total Precipitation (mm) | Aug 18.4 | Dec 118.6 | 118.6 | 95.8 | 75 | 19.6 | 18.4 | 45 |
Highest Value of the Amount of Daily Precipitation (mm) | Dec 77.9 | Aug 29 | 77.9 | 57.9 | 51.1 | 36.9 | 29 | 55.8 |
Average Number of Days Precipitation RR ≥ 10 mm | Jul–Aug 0.5 | Dec 4.3 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
Insolation (hours) | Dec 97.1 | Jul 342.6 | 97.1 | 111.5 | 143.4 | 342.6 | 327.3 | 238 |
Average Number of Days Insolation = 0% | Jul 0.0 | Dec 8.6 | 8.6 | 7.0 | 3.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
Average Number of Days Insolation ≥ 80% | Dec 3.7 | Aug 21.3 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 8 | 20.8 | 21.3 | 12.1 |
Average Relative Air Humidity (%) at 09 h UTC | Jul 59 | Dec–Jan 91 | 91 | 91 | 87 | 59 | 62 | 70 |
Average Wind Speed (km/h) | Nov 8.7 | Apr 11.5 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 10.6 | 10 | 9.7 | 9.1 |
Average Maximum Wind Speed in 10 min (km/h) | Nov 22.5 | Apr 28.5 | 22.6 | 23.9 | 26.9 | 25.7 | 24.8 | 23.7 |
Highest value of Maximum Instantaneous Wind Speed (gust), km/h | Apr 88 | Dec 140 | 140 | 115 | 126 | 104 | 104 | 89 |
Average number of days with Maximum Instantaneous Wind Speed (gust), 60 km/h | Sept 1.3 | Mar 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
Number of days with snow | May–Oct 0.0 | Jan 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Number of days with fog | Aug 0.2 | Jan 10.4 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 4.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.2 |
Number of days with frost | Jun–Aug 0.0 | Jan 15.7 | 12.7 | 15.7 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
S/N | Diagram | Typology | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Protruding Staircase (PS) |
| |
2 | Balcony with Staircase (BS) |
| |
3 | Slope 2 Storeys Side (S2SS) |
| |
4 | Slope 2 Storeys Same Entrance (S2SSE) |
| |
5 | Slope 2 Storeys (S2S) |
| |
6 | 2 Storeys (2S) |
| |
7 | Protruding Side Staircase (PSS) |
| |
8 | Slope Basic (SB) |
| |
9 | Protruding Balcony (PB) |
| |
10 | 2 Storeys Advanced (2SA) |
| |
11 | Single-Storey High (1SH) |
| |
12 | 1 Storey (1S) |
| |
13 | Slope 1-Storey Side (S1SS) |
| |
14 | 1-Storey Porch (1SP) |
| |
15 | 2 Storeys Narrow (2SN) |
| |
16 | Glazed Balcony (GB) |
| |
17 | Recessed Balcony (RB) |
| |
18 | Modified Protruding Staircase (MPS) |
| |
19 | Modified Balcony with Staircase (MBS) |
| |
20 | Modified Protruding Balcony (MPB) |
| |
21 | Modified Protruding Side Staircase (MPSS) |
| |
22 | Shed, Granary, and Storage (SGS) |
|
S/N | Examples of Scenario | Conditions | Criteria |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
| Two separate structures were taken into account. | |
2 |
| Prioritise the typology at the main facade and facing the main road. For instance, a Balcony with a Staircase (BS) with lower elevation access to the 1st floor is considered more efficient than rear access at higher ground elevation (S2S). | |
3 |
| It will be classified as Unidentified (U) |
PS | S2S | BS | S2SS | 2S | 1S | PSS | SB | S2SSE | PB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandim | 18 | 23 | 2 | 15 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 18 | 3 | 2 |
Guadramil | 20 | 16 | 18 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
Montouto | 24 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 2 | 11 | 2 |
Rio de Onor | 8 | 15 | 34 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 10 |
Cova da Lua | 5 | 24 | 5 | 12 | 21 | 10 | 12 | 0 | 5 | 2 |
Aveleda | 16 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 18 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
Pinheiro Velho | 25 | 5 | 10 | 13 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 2 |
Moimenta | 16 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
Average | 16.51 | 13.24 | 10.23 | 9.91 | 9.66 | 7.63 | 7.45 | 4.44 | 4.15 | 3.06 |
Typologies | Villages | Absolute Frequency (X) | Relative Frequency (%) | Hierarchical Ranking of Relative Frequency | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandim | Guadramil | Montouto | Rio de Onor | Cova da Lua | Aveleda | Pinheiro Velho | Moimenta | ||||
SGS | 9 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 15 | 21 | 20 | 54 | 158 | 13.04 | 2 |
U | 22 | 20 | 14 | 27 | 26 | 78 | 33 | 70 | 290 | 23.93 | 1 |
PS | 11 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 2 | 21 | 21 | 30 | 124 | 10.23 | 3 |
BS | 1 | 15 | 2 | 45 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 87 | 7.18 | 5 |
S2S | 14 | 13 | 5 | 20 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 15 | 88 | 7.26 | 4 |
S2SS | 9 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 13 | 11 | 17 | 68 | 5.61 | 7 |
SB | 11 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 27 | 2.23 | 11 |
S1SS | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0.58 | 19 |
PB | 1 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 25 | 2.06 | 12 |
PSS | 0 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 17 | 58 | 4.79 | 8 |
2S | 0 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 23 | 7 | 26 | 79 | 6.52 | 6 |
1S | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 15 | 5 | 12 | 56 | 4.62 | 9 |
1SP | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0.25 | 22 |
GB | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 0.83 | 18 |
RB | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 0.99 | 16 |
2SA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 0.58 | 20 |
2SN | 0 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 1.90 | 13 |
S2SSE | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 29 | 2.39 | 10 |
1SH | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 18 | 1.49 | 15 |
MPS | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 23 | 1.90 | 14 |
MBS | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 11 | 0.91 | 17 |
MPB | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0.25 | 23 |
MPSS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 0.50 | 21 |
Absolute Frequency (Y) | 91 | 112 | 81 | 174 | 83 | 227 | 137 | 307 | 1212 | 100.00 |
Typologies | Villages | Relative Frequency | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandim | Guadramil | Montouto | Rio de Onor | Cova da Lua | Aveleda | Pinheiro Velho | Moimenta | ||
SGS | 0.0098 | 0.0120 | 0.0087 | 0.0187 | 0.0089 | 0.0244 | 0.0147 | 0.0330 | 0.1304 |
U | 0.0180 | 0.0221 | 0.0160 | 0.0344 | 0.0164 | 0.0448 | 0.0270 | 0.0606 | 0.2393 |
PS | 0.0077 | 0.0095 | 0.0068 | 0.0147 | 0.0070 | 0.0192 | 0.0116 | 0.0259 | 0.1023 |
BS | 0.0054 | 0.0066 | 0.0048 | 0.0103 | 0.0049 | 0.0134 | 0.0081 | 0.0182 | 0.0718 |
S2S | 0.0055 | 0.0067 | 0.0049 | 0.0104 | 0.0050 | 0.0136 | 0.0082 | 0.0184 | 0.0726 |
S2SS | 0.0042 | 0.0052 | 0.0037 | 0.0081 | 0.0038 | 0.0105 | 0.0063 | 0.0142 | 0.0561 |
SB | 0.0017 | 0.0021 | 0.0015 | 0.0032 | 0.0015 | 0.0042 | 0.0025 | 0.0056 | 0.0223 |
S1SS | 0.0004 | 0.0005 | 0.0004 | 0.0008 | 0.0004 | 0.0011 | 0.0007 | 0.0015 | 0.0058 |
PB | 0.0015 | 0.0019 | 0.0014 | 0.0030 | 0.0014 | 0.0039 | 0.0023 | 0.0052 | 0.0206 |
PSS | 0.0036 | 0.0044 | 0.0032 | 0.0069 | 0.0033 | 0.0090 | 0.0054 | 0.0121 | 0.0479 |
2S | 0.0049 | 0.0060 | 0.0044 | 0.0094 | 0.0045 | 0.0122 | 0.0074 | 0.0165 | 0.0652 |
1S | 0.0035 | 0.0043 | 0.0031 | 0.0066 | 0.0032 | 0.0087 | 0.0052 | 0.0117 | 0.0462 |
1SP | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0005 | 0.0003 | 0.0006 | 0.0025 |
GB | 0.0006 | 0.0008 | 0.0006 | 0.0012 | 0.0006 | 0.0015 | 0.0009 | 0.0021 | 0.0083 |
RB | 0.0007 | 0.0009 | 0.0007 | 0.0014 | 0.0007 | 0.0019 | 0.0011 | 0.0025 | 0.0099 |
2SA | 0.0004 | 0.0005 | 0.0004 | 0.0008 | 0.0004 | 0.0011 | 0.0007 | 0.0015 | 0.0058 |
2SN | 0.0014 | 0.0018 | 0.0013 | 0.0027 | 0.0013 | 0.0036 | 0.0021 | 0.0048 | 0.0190 |
S2SSE | 0.0018 | 0.0022 | 0.0016 | 0.0034 | 0.0016 | 0.0045 | 0.0027 | 0.0061 | 0.0239 |
1SH | 0.0011 | 0.0014 | 0.0010 | 0.0021 | 0.0010 | 0.0028 | 0.0017 | 0.0038 | 0.0149 |
MPS | 0.0014 | 0.0018 | 0.0013 | 0.0027 | 0.0013 | 0.0036 | 0.0021 | 0.0048 | 0.0190 |
MBS | 0.0007 | 0.0008 | 0.0006 | 0.0013 | 0.0006 | 0.0017 | 0.0010 | 0.0023 | 0.0091 |
MPB | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0005 | 0.0003 | 0.0006 | 0.0025 |
MPSS | 0.0004 | 0.0005 | 0.0003 | 0.0007 | 0.0003 | 0.0009 | 0.0006 | 0.0013 | 0.0050 |
Relative Frequency | 0.0751 | 0.0924 | 0.0668 | 0.1436 | 0.0685 | 0.1873 | 0.1130 | 0.2533 | 1.0000 |
Typologies | Villages | Absolute Frequency (X) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandim | Guadramil | Montouto | Rio de Onor | Cova da Lua | Aveleda | Pinheiro Velho | Moimenta | ||
SGS | 11.8630 | 14.6007 | 10.5594 | 22.6832 | 10.8201 | 29.5924 | 17.8597 | 40.0215 | 158 |
U | 21.7739 | 26.7987 | 19.3812 | 41.6337 | 19.8597 | 54.3152 | 32.7805 | 73.4571 | 290 |
PS | 9.3102 | 11.4587 | 8.2871 | 17.8020 | 8.4917 | 23.2244 | 14.0165 | 31.4092 | 124 |
BS | 6.5322 | 8.0396 | 5.8144 | 12.4901 | 5.9579 | 16.2946 | 9.8342 | 22.0371 | 87 |
S2S | 6.6073 | 8.1320 | 5.8812 | 12.6337 | 6.0264 | 16.4818 | 9.9472 | 22.2904 | 88 |
S2SS | 5.1056 | 6.2838 | 4.5446 | 9.7624 | 4.6568 | 12.7360 | 7.6865 | 17.2244 | 68 |
SB | 2.0272 | 2.4950 | 1.8045 | 3.8762 | 1.8490 | 5.0569 | 3.0520 | 6.8391 | 27 |
S1SS | 0.5256 | 0.6469 | 0.4678 | 1.0050 | 0.4794 | 1.3111 | 0.7913 | 1.7731 | 7 |
PB | 1.8771 | 2.3102 | 1.6708 | 3.5891 | 1.7120 | 4.6823 | 2.8259 | 6.3325 | 25 |
PSS | 4.3548 | 5.3597 | 3.8762 | 8.3267 | 3.9719 | 10.8630 | 6.5561 | 14.6914 | 58 |
2S | 5.9315 | 7.3003 | 5.2797 | 11.3416 | 5.4101 | 14.7962 | 8.9299 | 20.0107 | 79 |
1S | 4.2046 | 5.1749 | 3.7426 | 8.0396 | 3.8350 | 10.4884 | 6.3300 | 14.1848 | 56 |
1SP | 0.2252 | 0.2772 | 0.2005 | 0.4307 | 0.2054 | 0.5619 | 0.3391 | 0.7599 | 3 |
GB | 0.7508 | 0.9241 | 0.6683 | 1.4356 | 0.6848 | 1.8729 | 1.1304 | 2.5330 | 10 |
RB | 0.9010 | 1.1089 | 0.8020 | 1.7228 | 0.8218 | 2.2475 | 1.3564 | 3.0396 | 12 |
2SA | 0.5256 | 0.6469 | 0.4678 | 1.0050 | 0.4794 | 1.3111 | 0.7913 | 1.7731 | 7 |
2SN | 1.7269 | 2.1254 | 1.5371 | 3.3020 | 1.5751 | 4.3078 | 2.5998 | 5.8259 | 23 |
S2SSE | 2.1774 | 2.6799 | 1.9381 | 4.1634 | 1.9860 | 5.4315 | 3.2781 | 7.3457 | 29 |
1SH | 1.3515 | 1.6634 | 1.2030 | 2.5842 | 1.2327 | 3.3713 | 2.0347 | 4.5594 | 18 |
MPS | 1.7269 | 2.1254 | 1.5371 | 3.3020 | 1.5751 | 4.3078 | 2.5998 | 5.8259 | 23 |
MBS | 0.8259 | 1.0165 | 0.7351 | 1.5792 | 0.7533 | 2.0602 | 1.2434 | 2.7863 | 11 |
MPB | 0.2252 | 0.2772 | 0.2005 | 0.4307 | 0.2054 | 0.5619 | 0.3391 | 0.7599 | 3 |
MPSS | 0.4505 | 0.5545 | 0.4010 | 0.8614 | 0.4109 | 1.1238 | 0.6782 | 1.5198 | 6 |
Absolute Frequency (Y) | 91 | 112 | 81 | 174 | 83 | 227 | 137 | 307 | 1212 |
Typologies | Villages | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandim | Guadramil | Montouto | Rio de Onor | Cova da Lua | Aveleda | Pinheiro Velho | Moimenta | |
SGS | −0.8312 | −1.2040 | 0.7511 | −1.4032 | 1.2707 | −1.5795 | 0.5064 | 2.2096 |
U | 0.0484 | −1.3133 | −1.2223 | −2.2679 | 1.3778 | 3.2137 | 0.0383 | −0.4034 |
PS | 0.5538 | 1.3416 | 1.6371 | −1.8491 | −2.2277 | −0.4616 | 1.8653 | −0.2515 |
BS | −2.1645 | 2.4548 | −1.5819 | 9.1988 | −1.6215 | −2.0548 | −0.5849 | −3.4162 |
S2S | 2.8760 | 1.7071 | −0.3634 | 2.0725 | 1.6187 | −2.3356 | −1.8857 | −1.5442 |
S2SS | 1.7235 | −0.5121 | 1.1518 | −2.8044 | 0.1591 | 0.0740 | 1.1952 | −0.0541 |
SB | 6.3020 | −0.3134 | −0.5989 | −0.9530 | −1.3598 | −1.8041 | 2.8323 | −1.8504 |
S1SS | −0.7250 | 1.6824 | −0.6840 | −0.0049 | −0.6924 | −0.2717 | −0.8895 | 0.9214 |
PB | −0.6402 | 0.4538 | −0.5190 | 4.9675 | −0.5442 | −1.2396 | −0.4913 | −1.7217 |
PSS | −2.0868 | −0.5873 | 1.5866 | 0.5799 | 0.5158 | 0.3450 | −1.3888 | 0.6023 |
2S | −2.4355 | −1.5916 | −0.9921 | −0.9922 | 1.5434 | 2.1327 | −0.6458 | 1.3389 |
1S | 0.8756 | −0.0769 | 0.1331 | −1.0720 | 0.0843 | 1.3931 | −0.5286 | −0.5801 |
1SP | −0.4746 | 1.3727 | −0.4478 | −0.6563 | −0.4533 | −0.7496 | −0.5823 | 1.4226 |
GB | 0.2876 | 0.0790 | 0.4057 | −1.1982 | −0.8275 | 0.0928 | −1.0632 | 1.5501 |
RB | −0.9492 | −0.1034 | −0.8955 | 0.9731 | −0.9065 | 1.1690 | −0.3060 | −0.0227 |
2SA | −0.7250 | −0.8043 | −0.6840 | −0.0049 | 0.7520 | −1.1450 | 1.3589 | 0.9214 |
2SN | −1.3141 | 4.7155 | −0.4332 | 2.0351 | −1.2550 | −0.1483 | −1.6124 | −1.5851 |
S2SSE | −0.1202 | −1.6370 | 2.9177 | −2.0404 | 0.0100 | 0.6730 | −0.1536 | 0.6104 |
1SH | −1.1625 | 0.2610 | −0.1851 | −1.6075 | −0.2096 | −1.2915 | 1.3778 | 2.0796 |
MPS | 1.7298 | −1.4579 | −0.4332 | −1.2668 | −1.2550 | 0.3335 | −0.3720 | 1.7293 |
MBS | −0.9088 | −1.0082 | 0.3089 | 1.9264 | −0.8679 | −1.4354 | −0.2183 | 1.3262 |
MPB | −0.4746 | −0.5265 | −0.4478 | −0.6563 | −0.4533 | 0.5845 | 1.1349 | 0.2754 |
MPSS | −0.6712 | −0.7446 | −0.6332 | −0.9281 | −0.6410 | −0.1167 | 0.3907 | 2.0118 |
Strategy | Descriptions | |
---|---|---|
Heating Strategy (Cold Season) | Cooling Strategy (Hot Season) | |
High thermal inertia walls |
|
|
Gable roof |
| |
Low roof space |
| |
Extended roof and balcony |
|
|
Roof cover (ceramic and slates) |
|
|
Animals at ground |
| |
Limited number and size of openings |
|
|
Small indoor volume |
| |
Dark exterior |
| |
Vegetation wall |
| |
Indoor-heating position |
|
High Thermal Inertia | Gable Roof | Low Roof Space | Extended Roof and Balcony | Roof Cover | Animals at Ground * | Limited Openings and size | Dark Thermal Envelope ** | Vegetation wall | Kitchen/Fireplace locations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Protruding Staircase | PS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
2 | Slope 2 Storeys | S2S | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
3 | Balcony with Staircase | BS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
4 | Slope 2-Storey Side | S2SS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
5 | 2 Storeys | 2S | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
6 | 1 Storey | 1S | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
7 | Protruding Side Staircase | PSS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
8 | Slope Basic | SB | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
9 | Slope 2 Storeys Same Entrance | S2SSE | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
10 | Protruding Balcony | PB | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
11 | 2 Storeys Advanced | 2SA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
12 | Single Storey High | 1SH | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
13 | Slope 1 Storey Side | S1SS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
14 | 1 Storey Porch | 1SP | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
15 | 2 Storeys Narrow | 2SN | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
16 | Glazed Balcony | GB | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
17 | Recessed Balcony | RB | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
18 | Modified Protruding Staircase | MPS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
19 | Modified Balcony with Staircase | MBS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
20 | Modified Protruding Balcony | MPB | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
21 | Modified Protruding Side Staircase | MPSS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Bioclimatic Solutions | Actionable Recommendation | Circular Economy, Life Cycle, and Sustainability | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | High thermal inertia |
|
|
2 | Gable roof |
|
|
3 | Low space roof |
|
|
4 | Extended roof and balcony |
|
|
5 | Roof cover |
|
|
6 | Animals at ground floor |
|
|
7 | Limited openings and size |
|
|
8 | Small indoor volume |
|
|
9 | Dark thermal envelope |
|
|
10 | Vegetation wall |
|
|
11 | Kitchen/fireplace locations |
|
|
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Khei, S.; Mateus, R.; Ortega, J.; Briones-Llorente, R. Quantitative Analysis of Vernacular Residential Building Typologies and Bioclimatic Strategies in the Warm-Summer Mediterranean Climate: The Montesinho Natural Park as a Case Study. Buildings 2024, 14, 2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082321
Khei S, Mateus R, Ortega J, Briones-Llorente R. Quantitative Analysis of Vernacular Residential Building Typologies and Bioclimatic Strategies in the Warm-Summer Mediterranean Climate: The Montesinho Natural Park as a Case Study. Buildings. 2024; 14(8):2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082321
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhei, Soon, Ricardo Mateus, Javier Ortega, and Raúl Briones-Llorente. 2024. "Quantitative Analysis of Vernacular Residential Building Typologies and Bioclimatic Strategies in the Warm-Summer Mediterranean Climate: The Montesinho Natural Park as a Case Study" Buildings 14, no. 8: 2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082321