Increased Odds of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Are Linked to Reduced n-6, but Not n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Laboratory Methods
2.3. Analysis of Total Plasma Fatty Acid Composition
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | MASLD (N = 91) | Control Group (N = 48) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 53.70 ± 11.62 | 49.35 ± 14.11 | 0.054 |
Gender, male (%) | 44.0 | 27.1 | 0.051 |
Smoking, yes (%) | 34.1 | 29.2 | 0.557 |
Occasional alcohol intake, no (%) | 67.0 | 68.1 | 0.373 |
Physical activity, yes (%) | 49.4 | 54.4 | 0.589 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.62 ± 4.18 | 24.59 ± 2.98 | <0.001 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.83 ± 0.10 | <0.001 |
Systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 126.9 ± 13.2 | 121.9 ± 14.9 | 0.066 |
Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) | 79.4 ± 10.6 | 76.9 ± 10.3 | 0.231 |
HSI * | 41.44 (37.23–45.48) | 33.28 (31.90–35.12) | <0.001 |
TyG index * | 8.90 (8.58–9.34) | 8.25 (7.89–8.71) | <0.001 |
Total protein (g/L) | 71.21 ± 5.95 | 71.63 ± 3.98 | 0.663 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.60 ± 2.30 | 5.11 ± 0.47 | <0.001 |
Uric acid (μmol/L) * | 322.0 (271.0–379.5) | 261.0 (203.5–301.0) | <0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) * | 2.60 (1.50–5.10) | 0.94 (0.50–2.55) | <0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.38 ± 1.09 | 5.56 ± 1.38 | 0.396 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.23 ± 0.93 | 3.40 ± 1.18 | 0.353 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.39 ± 0.47 | 1.66 ± 0.35 | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) * | 1.56 (1.21–2.10) | 0.92 (0.74–1.46) | <0.001 |
Coronary risk index * | 4.12 (3.33–4.84) | 3.39 (2.83–3.90) | <0.001 |
Atherosclerosis index * | 2.56 (1.77–3.04) | 2.01 (1.62–2.66) | 0.012 |
Parameter | MASLD (N = 91) | Control Group (N = 48) | p |
---|---|---|---|
16:0, PA (%) * | 29.67 ± 1.74 | 28.69 ± 1.80 | 0.002 |
18:0, SA (%) * | 12.12 ± 1.30 | 11.90 ± 1.12 | 0.312 |
18:1 (n-9), OA (%) * | 14.13 ± 1.94 | 13.86 ± 2.19 | 0.449 |
18:2 (n-6), LA (%) * | 26.00 ± 3.58 | 27.84 ± 3.44 | 0.004 |
20:4 (n-6), AA (%) | 13.70 (11.90–16.30) | 14.30 (12.30–16.10) | 0.861 |
20:5 (n-3), EPA (%) | 0.25 (0.15–0.37) | 0.26 (0.20–0.42) | 0.277 |
22:5 (n-3), DPA (%) | 0.47 (0.32–0.63) | 0.46 (0.29–0.68) | 0.770 |
22:6 (n-3), DHA (%) | 3.02 (2.49–3.75) | 3.05 (2.31–3.44) | 0.273 |
Total SFAs (%) | 42.10 (40.30–43.00) | 40.70 (39.25–41.85) | <0.001 |
Total UFAs (%) | 57.92 (56.95–59.67) | 59.22 (58.13–60.62) | 0.001 |
Total n-6 PUFAs (%) | 39.90 (38.00–42.00) | 41.40 (40.00–43.15) | 0.001 |
Total n-3 PUFAs (%) | 3.57 (3.22–4.75) | 3.73 (2.98–4.62) | 0.414 |
n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio | 10.79 (8.36–13.11) | 11.11 (9.12–14.17) | 0.210 |
AA/EPA ratio | 56.58 (36.55–86.43) | 50.00 (29.77–74.57) | 0.167 |
AA/LA ratio | 0.53 (0.42–0.67) | 0.51 (0.42–0.60) | 0.241 |
Parameter | 16:0, PA (%) | 18:1 (n-9), OA (%) | 18:2 (n-6), LA (%) | 20:4 (n-6), AA (%) | Total SFAs (%) | Total UFAs (%) | Total n-6 PUFAs (%) | AA/LA Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.264 ** | −0.250 ** | 0.321 *** | −0.329 *** | −0.271 ** | |||
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.323 ** | −0.321 ** | 0.309 ** | −0.297 ** | 0.225 * | |||
HSI | 0.306 *** | −0.302 *** | 0.375 *** | −0.374 *** | −0.305 *** | |||
TyG index | 0.389 *** | −0.425 *** | 0.380 *** | −0.384 *** | −0.368 *** | 0.266 ** | ||
Glucose (mmol/L) | 0.249 ** | −0.200 * | −0.171 * | |||||
Uric acid (μmol/L) | −0.233 ** | 0.189 * | 0.187 * | −0.189 * | 0.210 * | |||
CRP (mg/L) | −0.177 * | |||||||
TC (mmol/L) | −0.363 *** | 0.169 * | ||||||
HDL-C (mmol/L) | −0.384 *** | 0.283 ** | −0.329 *** | 0.318 *** | 0.333 *** | |||
LDL-C (mmol/L) | −0.382 *** | 0.189 * | ||||||
TG (mmol/L) | 0.368 *** | −0.414 *** | 0.396 *** | −0.408 *** | −0.360 *** | 0.259 ** | ||
Coronary risk index | 0.311 *** | −0.192 * | 0.282 ** | −0.276 ** | ||||
Atherosclerosis index | 0.175 * | −0.216 ** |
Parameter | OR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|
16:0, PA (%) | 1.366 | 1.108–1.683 | 0.003 |
18:2 (n-6), LA (%) | 0.860 | 0.772–0.957 | 0.006 |
Total SFAs (%) | 1.438 | 1.162–1.779 | 0.001 |
Total UFAs (%) | 0.747 | 0.611–0.913 | 0.004 |
Total n-6 PUFAs (%) | 0.793 | 0.686–0.917 | 0.002 |
n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio | 0.914 | 0.838–0.997 | 0.043 |
Parameter | OR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|
16:0, PA (%) | 1.187 | 0.871–1.618 | 0.278 |
18:2 (n-6), LA (%) | 0.875 | 0.735–1.042 | 0.135 |
Total SFA (%) | 1.258 | 0.949–1.669 | 0.111 |
Total UFA (%) | 0.821 | 0.619–1.088 | 0.170 |
Total n-6 PUFAs (%) | 0.769 | 0.611–0.968 | 0.025 |
n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio | 0.811 | 0.709–0.928 | 0.002 |
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Frankovic, I.; Djuricic, I.; Ninic, A.; Vekic, J.; Vorkapic, T.; Erceg, S.; Gojkovic, T.; Tomasevic, R.; Mamic, M.; Mitrovic, M.; et al. Increased Odds of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Are Linked to Reduced n-6, but Not n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 902. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14080902
Frankovic I, Djuricic I, Ninic A, Vekic J, Vorkapic T, Erceg S, Gojkovic T, Tomasevic R, Mamic M, Mitrovic M, et al. Increased Odds of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Are Linked to Reduced n-6, but Not n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(8):902. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14080902
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrankovic, Irena, Ivana Djuricic, Ana Ninic, Jelena Vekic, Tara Vorkapic, Sanja Erceg, Tamara Gojkovic, Ratko Tomasevic, Milica Mamic, Milos Mitrovic, and et al. 2024. "Increased Odds of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Are Linked to Reduced n-6, but Not n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma" Biomolecules 14, no. 8: 902. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14080902