Carbapenemases: Transforming Acinetobacter baumannii into a Yet More Dangerous Menace
Abstract
:1. A Brief Summary of Acinetobacter baumannii as a Pathogen
2. Mechanisms of Resistance to Carbapenems in A. baumannii
3. Carbapenemases in A. baumannii: OXA β-Lactamases
3.1. OXA-23-Like Group
3.2. OXA-24/40-Like Group
3.3. OXA-51-Like Group
3.4. OXA-58-Like Group
3.5. OXA-143-Like Group
3.6. OXA-235-Like Group
4. Carbapenemases in A. baumannii: Metallo-β-Lactamases
4.1. NDM Group
4.2. VIM Group
4.3. IMP Group
5. Carbapenemases in A. baumannii: KPC β-Lactamases
6. Final Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Enzyme Group | Genetic Location | Predominant Isolation Countries * | Isolation Source | Other Reported Species | Total Reported |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OXA-23-like | Plasmid, chromosome | USA (564), India (125), South Korea (122) | Clinical (2,830) Environmental/other (1128) | Providencia alcalifaciens, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli/Shigella, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter non-baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 4048 |
OXA-24/40-like | USA (100), Spain (5) | Clinical (124) Environmental/other (21) | Acinetobacter non-baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia rettgeri, Staphylococcus aureus | 162 | |
OXA-51-like | Germany (8), Brazil (8), Japan (6) | Clinical (39) Environmental/other (20) | Acinetobacter non-baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae | 88 | |
OXA-58-like | Plasmid, Chromosome | USA (84), Spain (12), Thailand (8) | Clinical (90) Environmental/other (177) | Providencia alcalifaciens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli/Shigella, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter non-baumannii. | 284 |
OXA-143-like | Brazil (3) | Clinical (3) | Acinetobacter non-baumannii | 15 |
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Ramirez, M.S.; Bonomo, R.A.; Tolmasky, M.E. Carbapenemases: Transforming Acinetobacter baumannii into a Yet More Dangerous Menace. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050720
Ramirez MS, Bonomo RA, Tolmasky ME. Carbapenemases: Transforming Acinetobacter baumannii into a Yet More Dangerous Menace. Biomolecules. 2020; 10(5):720. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050720
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamirez, Maria Soledad, Robert A. Bonomo, and Marcelo E. Tolmasky. 2020. "Carbapenemases: Transforming Acinetobacter baumannii into a Yet More Dangerous Menace" Biomolecules 10, no. 5: 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050720