N-Acetyl Serotonin Alleviates Oxidative Damage by Activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Signaling in Porcine Enterocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Cell Culture and Treatment
2.3. Cell Viability
2.4. Measurement of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Level
2.5. Measurement of Intracellular Glutathione
2.6. Apoptotic Cell Death Assay
2.7. Extraction of Proteins and Western Blot Analysis
2.8. Immunofluorescence Microscopy
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. NAS Attenuated the 4-HNE-Induced Apoptosis of IPEC-1 Cells
3.2. The Effect of NAS on ROS and Intracellular GSH Concentrations
3.3. NAS Enhanced the Abundance of Tight Junction Proteins in 4-HNE Challenged Cells
3.4. NAS Regulated the Nrf2 Signaling in IPEC-1
3.5. NAS Protected Cells Against 4-HNE-Induced Apoptosis in a Nrf2-Dependent Manner
3.6. NAS Restored Tight Junction Proteins in 4-HNE-Treated Cells by Regulating Nrf2 Signaling
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Bax | Bcl-2-associated X protein |
Bcl-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
GSH | glutathione |
GSS | glutathione synthetase |
GCLC | glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit |
4-HNE | 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal |
HO-1 | heme oxygenase-1 |
NAS | N-acetyl serotonin |
Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 |
NQO1 | NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1 |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
Trp | L-tryptophan |
ZO | Zonula occluden |
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Liang, H.; Liu, N.; Wang, R.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, J.; Dai, Z.; Yang, Y.; Wu, G.; Wu, Z. N-Acetyl Serotonin Alleviates Oxidative Damage by Activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Signaling in Porcine Enterocytes. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040303
Liang H, Liu N, Wang R, Zhang Y, Chen J, Dai Z, Yang Y, Wu G, Wu Z. N-Acetyl Serotonin Alleviates Oxidative Damage by Activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Signaling in Porcine Enterocytes. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(4):303. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040303
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Haiwei, Ning Liu, Renjie Wang, Yunchang Zhang, Jingqing Chen, Zhaolai Dai, Ying Yang, Guoyao Wu, and Zhenlong Wu. 2020. "N-Acetyl Serotonin Alleviates Oxidative Damage by Activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Signaling in Porcine Enterocytes" Antioxidants 9, no. 4: 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040303