Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and AT Dysfunction
3. Mg
4. Mg Deficiency, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress
5. Role of Mg in Adipose Tissue: Preclinical Evidence
Study | Type of Animal | Treatment | Treatment Duration | Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|
Devaux et al. [53] | Male Sprague Dawley young rats (YR) vs. old rats (OR) | Diet with Mg deficiency | 22 mo | YR adipocytes hyperplasia; OR hypotrophy of adipocytes |
Boparai et al. [55] | Male Wistar rats | High sucrose (HS); low Mg (LM); HSLM | 12 wk | HSLM ↑ of TBARS and PCO (plasma and liver) |
Kurstjens et al. [57] | Male C57BL6/J mice | normal Mg Low-fat diet (NMLFD); NM High fat diet (NMHFD); LMLFD; LMHFD | 17 wk | LM ameliorates HFD-induced obesity, fasting glucose ↓, insulin sensitivity ↑; absence of liver steatosis; ↑ BAT Ucp1 m-RNA expression, and higher body temperature |
Zhong et al. [59] | Flox and ATKO mice | HFD; TRPM7 inhibition | 16 wk | ATKO have less body weight than Flox, ↓ % of macrophage in WAT, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 |
Madaris et al. [68] | Male WT and MRS2−/− KO mice | HFD; Western Diet (WD) | 12 mo | MRS2−/− KO in WD no weight gain and ↑ mitochondrial activity and BAT |
Choudary et al. [56] | Male Wistar rats | LM; HS; HSLM | 3 mo | ↓ SOD, catalase and GST in HSLM |
6. Mg, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation: Clinical Evidence
Study | Year | Type of Trial | Mg mg Per Day | Mg Formulation | Timing of Administration (Weeks) | N° Subjects | Subjects’ Description | Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cheung et al. [87] | 2022 | RCT DB, parallel | 360 | Mg glycinate | 12 | 95 | Healthy ow and ob 25 < BMI < 40 | ↑ in Vit D absorption and ↓ systolic BP, no effects on IL-6; MCP-1, adiponectin, and CRP |
Toprak et al. [76] | 2017 | RCT DB, parallel | 365 | Mg oxide | 12 | 128 | Hypomagnesemic, pre-diabetic, ob with mild-to-moderate CKD | ↓ of IR; HOMA-IR; HbA1c; insulin; WC and UA with an ↑ albumin and serum Mg level |
Chacko et al. [88] | 2011 | RCT DB, cross-over | 500 | Mg citrate | 4 | 14 | Healthy ow BMI > 25 | ↓ fasting C-peptide and insulin; no effects on inflammatory markers |
Petrovic’ et al. [91] | 2016 | CT, parallel | 500 | Mg oxide | 4 | 23 | Young male rugby student vs. sedentary student | ↓ DNA oxidative damage in lymphocyte |
Vongpatanasin et al. [92] | 2016 | RCT DB, cross-over | 243 | Potassium Mg citrate | 4 | 30 | Pre- or hypertensive subjects | ↓ of urinary 8-isoprostane |
Mousavi et al. [93] | 2021 | RCT DB, parallel | 250 | Mg oxide | 8 | 84 | PCOS women BMI < 35 | No effect on TAC, ↓ CRP |
Bede et al. [94] | 2008 | RCT DB, parallel | 200–290 | Mg citrate | 12 | 40 | Children with atopic asthma | ↑ GSH, no effect on GSH/GSSG |
7. Conclusions and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Cazzola, R.; Della Porta, M.; Piuri, G.; Maier, J.A. Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080893
Cazzola R, Della Porta M, Piuri G, Maier JA. Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(8):893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080893
Chicago/Turabian StyleCazzola, Roberta, Matteo Della Porta, Gabriele Piuri, and Jeanette A. Maier. 2024. "Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue" Antioxidants 13, no. 8: 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080893