Dietary Polyphenols in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Targets in Autophagy and Biological Effects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagic Process and Its Regulation by Dietary Polyphenols
3. Dietary Polyphenols and Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome
4. Effect of Polyphenols on Cardiovascular Diseases
5. Dietary Polyphenols and Neurodegeneration
Table 1. Examples of Health Benefits of Dietary Polyphenols by Autophagy Activation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class of Polyphenol | Name of Polyphenolic Compound | Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Biological Effects | References |
Stilbenes | Resveratrol | C14H12O3 | 228.25 | Improves mitochondrial function in vitro and in vivo | [60,149,151] |
Autophagic activation in vitro and in vivo | [52,61,94,95,96,97,106,113,122,124,149,151,158] | ||||
Improves insulin sensitivity in humans | [94] | ||||
Flavonoids | Fisetin | C15H10O6 | 286.24 | Autophagic activation in vitro | [63] |
Quercetin | C15H10O7 | 302.23 | Autophagic activation in vitro and in vivo | [64,122,162,163,164,165,166,167,168] | |
Myricetin | C15H10O8 | 318.23 | Inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation in vitro | [148] | |
Apigenin | C15H10O5 | 270.24 | Autophagic activation in vitro | [122,169,170,171,172] | |
Luteolin | C15H10O6 | 286.24 | Autophagic activation in vitro and in vivo | [173,174,175,176,177,178] | |
Baicalein | C15H10O5 | 270.24 | Autophagic activation in vitro and in vivo | [179,180,181,182,183] | |
Phenolic acids | Rosmarinic acid | C18H16O8 | 360.31 | Inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation in vitro | [148] |
Nordihydro-guaiaretic acid | C18H22O4 | 302.4 | |||
Ferulic acid | C10H10O4 | 194.18 | |||
Tannins | Punicalagin | C48H28O30 | 1084.71 | Autophagic activation in vitro and in vivo | [68] |
Secoiridoid | Oleuropein | C25H32O13 | 540.51 | Autophagic activation in vitro and in vivo | [70,71,72,73,155,156] |
Catechins | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate | C22H18O10 | 442.4 | Autophagic activation in vivo | [101,102,107,121] |
Polyphenols | Curcumin | C21H20O6 | 368.38 | Autophagy induction in vitro and in vivo | [59,65,66,67,123] |
Downregulation of ER stress | Reviewed in [98] | ||||
Increase insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo | [99] | ||||
Inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation in vitro | [147] |
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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García-Aguilar, A.; Palomino, O.; Benito, M.; Guillén, C. Dietary Polyphenols in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Targets in Autophagy and Biological Effects. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020142
García-Aguilar A, Palomino O, Benito M, Guillén C. Dietary Polyphenols in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Targets in Autophagy and Biological Effects. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(2):142. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020142
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía-Aguilar, Ana, Olga Palomino, Manuel Benito, and Carlos Guillén. 2021. "Dietary Polyphenols in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Targets in Autophagy and Biological Effects" Antioxidants 10, no. 2: 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020142