Hardening Blueberry Plants to Face Drought and Cold Events by the Application of Fungal Endophytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant and Fungal Origin and Preparation
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Effect of the Inoculation on Blueberry Stress-Responses
2.4. Effect of the Inoculation on Blueberry Survival and Fruit Development
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of the Inoculation on Blueberry Stress-Responses
3.2. Effect of the Inoculation on Blueberry Survival and Fruit Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trait | Factor | F | p |
---|---|---|---|
Fv/Fm | Intercept | 100,036.43 | <0.0001 |
Antarctic fungal endophytes (AFE) | 530.17 | <0.0001 | |
Stress condition (SC) | 219.23 | <0.0001 | |
AFE × SC | 39.94 | <0.0001 | |
Leaf proline concentration | Intercept | 18,117.76 | <0.0001 |
Antarctic fungal endophytes (AFE) | 11.16 | 0.0015 | |
Stress condition (SC) | 13.63 | 0.0005 | |
AFE × SC | 4.35 | 0.0417 | |
TBARS | Intercept | 10,782.45 | <0.0001 |
Antarctic fungal endophytes (AFE) | 664.78 | <0.0001 | |
Stress condition (SC) | 287.23 | <0.0001 | |
AFE × SC | 9.81 | 0.0028 | |
Relative LEA1 expression | Intercept | 8655.79 | <0.0001 |
Antarctic fungal endophytes (AFE) | 188.51 | <0.0001 | |
Stress condition (SC) | 112.45 | <0.0001 | |
AFE × SC | 1.05 | 0.3137 |
Variable | Model Term | d.f. | SS | MS | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruit weight | Antarctic fungal endophytes (AFE) | 1 | 0.224 | 0.224 | 160.225 | <0.0001 |
Stress condition (SC) | 1 | 0.308 | 0.308 | 220.477 | <0.0001 | |
AFE × SC | 1 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 2.486 | 0.129 | |
residuals | 22 | 0.031 | 0.001 | |||
Fruit size | Antarctic fungal endophytes (AFE) | 1 | 14.552 | 14.552 | 318.220 | <0.0001 |
Stress condition (SC) | 1 | 20.410 | 20.410 | 446.322 | <0.0001 | |
AFE × SC | 1 | 0.353 | 0.353 | 7.722 | 0.0109 | |
residuals | 22 | 1.006 | 0.046 |
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Acuña-Rodríguez, I.S.; Ballesteros, G.I.; Atala, C.; Gundel, P.E.; Molina-Montenegro, M.A. Hardening Blueberry Plants to Face Drought and Cold Events by the Application of Fungal Endophytes. Agronomy 2022, 12, 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051000
Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Ballesteros GI, Atala C, Gundel PE, Molina-Montenegro MA. Hardening Blueberry Plants to Face Drought and Cold Events by the Application of Fungal Endophytes. Agronomy. 2022; 12(5):1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051000
Chicago/Turabian StyleAcuña-Rodríguez, Ian S., Gabriel I. Ballesteros, Cristian Atala, Pedro E. Gundel, and Marco A. Molina-Montenegro. 2022. "Hardening Blueberry Plants to Face Drought and Cold Events by the Application of Fungal Endophytes" Agronomy 12, no. 5: 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051000