To aid the achievement of "dual carbon" targets and high-quality agricultural development, by analyzing data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, this study offers insights into green and low-carbon development. Through the application of fixed-effect, mediation, and moderation effect models, it empirically examines the impact and mechanisms of agricultural-industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions. The findings indicate: (1) an Inverted U-shaped relationship between agriculturalindustrial agglomeration and carbon emissions, with a positive slope at the agglomeration's minimum value and a negative slope at its maximum. (2) In heterogeneity analysis, the central and western, northern, major production, and major sales areas, as well as areas of high agglomeration, demonstrate a significant Inverted U-shaped relationship. (3) The progression of digital villages helps explain the complex, Inverted U-shaped link between agricultural-industrial concentration and carbon emissions, indirectly affecting the latter. (4) A substitution effect is present, wherein land use capability alters the overall impact of agricultural-industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions and adjusts the dynamic path of this impact with varying degrees of agglomeration. The study's conclusions provide meaningful implications for the government to optimize agricultural industry layouts for effective control of agricultural carbon emissions and the realization of green, sustainable development. Thus, this study suggests expediting the development of digital villages to enhance the carbon reduction efficiency of agricultural-industrial agglomeration.