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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter February 14, 2017

Blood-brain barrier-supported neurogenesis in healthy and diseased brain

  • Elena A. Pozhilenkova , Olga L. Lopatina , Yulia K. Komleva , Vladimir V. Salmin and Alla B. Salmina EMAIL logo

Abstract

Adult neurogenesis is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to brain development, learning, and memory. Alterations in neurogenesis underlie a wide spectrum of brain diseases. Neurogenesis takes place in highly specialized neurogenic niches. The concept of neurogenic niches is becoming widely accepted due to growing evidence of the important role of the microenvironment established in the close vicinity to stem cells in order to provide adequate control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Neurogenic niches represent the platform for tight integration of neurogenesis and angiogenesis supported by specific properties of cerebral microvessel endothelial cells contributing to establishment of partially compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the adjustment of local conditions to the current metabolic needs of stem and progenitor cells. Here, we review up-to-date data on microvascular dynamics in activity-dependent neurogenesis, specific properties of BBB in neurogenic niches, endothelial-driven mechanisms of clonogenic activity, and future perspectives for reconstructing the neurogenic niches in vitro.

Acknowledgments

The study is supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project N 14-25-00054).

  1. Conflicts of interest statement: All authors declare that there are no actual or potential conflicts of interest concerning the work presented in this article.

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Received: 2016-10-26
Accepted: 2016-12-23
Published Online: 2017-2-14
Published in Print: 2017-5-24

©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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