Ancient Dispersal of the Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus gattii from the Amazon Rainforest
Figure 3
Population sizes and global migration patterns of C. gattii.
The C. gattii AFLP6/VGII populations Africa (orange), Australasia (blue), Europe (purple), North America (green) and South America (red) are indicated, together with their mean population size (θ; Table S2), by similar coloured ellipses. Bi-directional historical mean migration rates are provided for each of the population combinations (Table S2). The approximate geographical location of the most basal lineage of coalescence gene genealogy (H17) is indicated with a tree in the Amazon. The outbreaks in North America are indicated with icons of human, cat and dolphin, and the parrot in the South American population indicates the case cluster of C. gattii infections among psittacine birds in Southern Brazil. Yellow coloured areas in the map represent localities with a Mediterranean climate according to the updated Köppen-Geigen classification (adapted from [37]).
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071148.g003