The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) was founded in 1978 and was the first institution in Italy to promote post-graduate courses leading to a Doctor Philosophiae (or PhD) degree. A centre of excellence among Italian and international universities, the school has around 65 teachers, 100 post docs and 245 PhD students, and is located in Trieste, in a campus of more than 10 hectares with wonderful views over the Gulf of Trieste.
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Seasonal variation of the underground cosmic muon flux observed at Daya Bay
F.P. An1, A.B. Balantekin2, H.R. Band3, M. Bishai4, S. Blyth5,6, D. Cao7, G.F. Cao8, J. Cao8, Y.L. Chan9, J.F. Chang8, Y. Chang6, H.S. Chen8, Q.Y. Chen10, S.M. Chen11, Y.X. Chen12, Y. Chen13, J. Cheng10, Z.K. Cheng14, J.J. Cherwinka2, M.C. Chu9, A. Chukanov15, J.P. Cummings16, Y.Y. Ding8, M.V. Diwan4, M. Dolgareva15, J. Dove17, D.A. Dwyer18, W.R. Edwards18, R. Gill4, M. Gonchar15, G.H. Gong11, H. Gong11, M. Grassi8, W.Q. Gu19, L. Guo11, X.H. Guo20, Y.H. Guo21, Z. Guo11, R.W. Hackenburg4, S. Hans4, M. He8, K.M. Heeger3, Y.K. Heng8, A. Higuera22, Y.B. Hsiung5, B.Z. Hu5, T. Hu8, E.C. Huang17, H.X. Huang23, X.T. Huang10, P. Huber24, W. Huo25, G. Hussain11, D.E. Jaffe4, K.L. Jen26, S. Jetter8, X.P. Ji11,27, X.L. Ji8, J.B. Jiao10, R.A. Johnson28, D. Jones29, L. Kang30, S.H. Kettell4, A. Khan14, S. Kohn31, M. Kramer18,31, K.K. Kwan9, M.W. Kwok9, T. Kwok32, T.J. Langford3, K. Lau22, L. Lebanowski11, J. Lee18, J.H.C. Lee32, R.T. Lei30, R. Leitner33, C. Li10, D.J. Li25, F. Li8, G.S. Li19, Q.J. Li8, S. Li30, S.C. Li24, W.D. Li8, X.N. Li8, X.Q. Li27, Y.F. Li8, Z.B. Li14, H. Liang25, C.J. Lin18, G.L. Lin26, S. Lin30, S.K. Lin22, Y.-C. Lin5, J.J. Ling14, J.M. Link24, L. Littenberg4, B.R. Littlejohn34, J.L. Liu19, J.C. Liu8, C.W. Loh7, C. Lu35, H.Q. Lu8, J.S. Lu8, K.B. Luk18,31, X.Y. Ma8, X.B. Ma12, Y.Q. Ma8, Y. Malyshkin36, D.A. Martinez Caicedo34, K.T. McDonald35, R.D. McKeown37,38, I. Mitchell22, Y. Nakajima18, J. Napolitano29, D. Naumov15, E. Naumova15, H.Y. Ngai32, J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux36, A. Olshevskiy15, H.-R. Pan5, J. Park24, S. Patton18, V. Pec33, J.C. Peng17, L. Pinsky22, C.S.J. Pun32, F.Z. Qi8, M. Qi7, X. Qian4, R.M. Qiu12, N. Raper14,39, J. Ren23, R. Rosero4, B. Roskovec33, X.C. Ruan23, C. Sebastiani8, H. Steiner18,31, J.L. Sun40, W. Tang4, D. Taychenachev15, K. Treskov15, K.V. Tsang18, C.E. Tull18, N. Viaux36, B. Viren4, V. Vorobel33, C.H. Wang6, M. Wang10, N.Y. Wang20, R.G. Wang8, W. Wang14,38, X. Wang41, Y.F. Wang8, Z. Wang11, Z. Wang8, Z.M. Wang8, H.Y. Wei11, L.J. Wen8, K. Whisnant42, C.G. White34, L. Whitehead22, T. Wise3, H.L.H. Wong18,31, S.C.F. Wong14, E. Worcester4, C.-H. Wu26, Q. Wu10, W.J. Wu8, D.M. Xia43, J.K. Xia8, Z.Z. Xing8, J.L. Xu8, Y. Xu14, T. Xue11, C.G. Yang8, H. Yang7, L. Yang30, M.S. Yang8, M.T. Yang10, Y.Z. Yang14, M. Ye8, Z. Ye22, M. Yeh4, B.L. Young42, Z.Y. Yu8, S. Zeng8, L. Zhan8, C. Zhang4, C.C. Zhang8, H.H. Zhang14, J.W. Zhang8, Q.M. Zhang21, X.T. Zhang8, Y.M. Zhang11, Y.X. Zhang40, Y.M. Zhang14, Z.J. Zhang30, Z.Y. Zhang8, Z.P. Zhang25, J. Zhao8, L. Zhou8, H.L. Zhuang8 and J.H. Zou8
The Daya Bay Experiment consists of eight identically designed detectors located in three underground experimental halls named as EH1, EH2, EH3, with 250, 265 and 860 meters of water equivalent vertical overburden, respectively. Cosmic muon events have been recorded over a two-year period. The underground muon rate is observed to be positively correlated with the effective atmospheric temperature and to follow a seasonal modulation pattern. The correlation coefficient α, describing how a variation in the muon rate relates to a variation in the effective atmospheric temperature, is found to be αEH1 = 0.362±0.031, αEH2 = 0.433±0.038 and αEH3 = 0.641±0.057 for each experimental hall.