Issue 18, 2021, Issue in Progress
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RSC Advances

Effects of granular activated carbon and Fe-modified granular activated carbon on anammox process start-up†

Guangsong Lu,a   Yunqian Ma,ac   Lihua Zang,a   Yan Sun,a   Fei Yuab  and  Rong Xue ORCID logo *a  

* Corresponding authors

a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: +86-531-89631680
Tel: +86-531-89631680

b Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China

c Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Abstract

In this study, granular activated carbon (GAC) and Fe-modified granular activated carbon (FeGAC) prepared by ultrasonic impregnation method were added into respective up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors to explore their effects on the anammox process start-up. The results showed that the time of anammox system start-up could be reduced from 108 d in R1 (control group) to 94 d in R2 (GAC reactor) and to 83 d in R3 (FeGAC reactor). After 120 days of operation, the nitrogen removal rates (NRR) of all reactors could reach more than 0.8 kg-N m−3 d−1. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) amount, heme c content and the anammox bacterial functional gene copy numbers gradually increased in all reactors with the passage of culture time, and manifested the superiority in R3 especially. High throughput sequencing revealed that Candidatus Kuenenia was the dominant species in all reactors in the end. It was also demonstrated that FeGAC markedly strengthened the growth and aggregation of anammox bacteria, which is promising for the practical application of the anammox process.

Graphical abstract: Effects of granular activated carbon and Fe-modified granular activated carbon on anammox process start-up

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA00384D
Article type
Paper
Submitted
16 Jan 2021
Accepted
05 Mar 2021
First published
12 Mar 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2021,11, 10625-10634

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Effects of granular activated carbon and Fe-modified granular activated carbon on anammox process start-up

G. Lu, Y. Ma, L. Zang, Y. Sun, F. Yu and R. Xue, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 10625 DOI: 10.1039/D1RA00384D

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