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Migrating from GitLab with GitHub Actions Importer

Learn how to use GitHub Actions Importer to automate the migration of your GitLab pipelines to GitHub Actions.

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About migrating from GitLab with GitHub Actions Importer

The instructions below will guide you through configuring your environment to use GitHub Actions Importer to migrate GitLab pipelines to GitHub Actions.

Prerequisites

  • A GitLab account or organization with pipelines and jobs that you want to convert to GitHub Actions workflows.
  • Access to create a GitLab personal access token for your account or organization.
  • Linux ベースのコンテナーを実行し、必要なツールをインストールできる環境。

    メモ

    GitHub Actions Importer コンテナーと CLI は、CI プラットフォームと同じサーバーにインストールする必要はありません。

Limitations

There are some limitations on migrating processes automatically from GitLab pipelines to GitHub Actions with GitHub Actions Importer.

  • Automatic caching in between jobs of different workflows is not supported.
  • The audit command is only supported when using an organization account. However, the dry-run and migrate commands can be used with an organization or user account.

Manual tasks

Certain GitLab constructs must be migrated manually. These include:

  • Masked project or group variable values
  • Artifact reports

For more information on manual migrations, see Migrating from GitLab CI/CD to GitHub Actions.

Installing the GitHub Actions Importer CLI extension

  1. GitHub Actions Importer CLI 拡張機能のインストール

    Bash
    gh extension install github/gh-actions-importer
    
  2. 拡張機能がインストールされていることを確認します。

    $ gh actions-importer -h
    Options:
      -?, -h, --help  Show help and usage information
    
    Commands:
      update     Update to the latest version of GitHub Actions Importer.
      version    Display the version of GitHub Actions Importer.
      configure  Start an interactive prompt to configure credentials used to authenticate with your CI server(s).
      audit      Plan your CI/CD migration by analyzing your current CI/CD footprint.
      forecast   Forecast GitHub Actions usage from historical pipeline utilization.
      dry-run    Convert a pipeline to a GitHub Actions workflow and output its yaml file.
      migrate    Convert a pipeline to a GitHub Actions workflow and open a pull request with the changes.
    

Configuring credentials

The configure CLI command is used to set required credentials and options for GitHub Actions Importer when working with GitLab and GitHub.

  1. Create a GitHub personal access token (classic). For more information, see 個人用アクセス トークンを管理する.

    Your token must have the workflow scope.

    After creating the token, copy it and save it in a safe location for later use.

  2. Create a GitLab personal access token. For more information, see Personal access tokens in the GitLab documentation.

    Your token must have the read_api scope.

    After creating the token, copy it and save it in a safe location for later use.

  3. In your terminal, run the GitHub Actions Importer configure CLI command:

    gh actions-importer configure
    

    The configure command will prompt you for the following information:

    • For "Which CI providers are you configuring?", use the arrow keys to select GitLab, press Space to select it, then press Enter.
    • For "Personal access token for GitHub", enter the value of the personal access token (classic) that you created earlier, and press Enter.
    • For "Base url of the GitHub instance", press Enter to accept the default value (https://github.com).
    • For "Private token for GitLab", enter the value for the GitLab personal access token that you created earlier, and press Enter.
    • For "Base url of the GitLab instance", enter the URL of your GitLab instance, and press Enter.

    An example of the output of the configure command is shown below.

    $ gh actions-importer configure
    ✔ Which CI providers are you configuring?: GitLab
    Enter the following values (leave empty to omit):
    ✔ Personal access token for GitHub: ***************
    ✔ Base url of the GitHub instance: https://github.com
    ✔ Private token for GitLab: ***************
    ✔ Base url of the GitLab instance: http://localhost
    Environment variables successfully updated.
    
  4. In your terminal, run the GitHub Actions Importer update CLI command to connect to GitHub Packages Container registry and ensure that the container image is updated to the latest version:

    gh actions-importer update
    

    The output of the command should be similar to below:

    Updating ghcr.io/actions-importer/cli:latest...
    ghcr.io/actions-importer/cli:latest up-to-date
    

Perform an audit of GitLab

You can use the audit command to get a high-level view of all pipelines in a GitLab server.

The audit command performs the following steps:

  1. Fetches all of the projects defined in a GitLab server.
  2. Converts each pipeline to its equivalent GitHub Actions workflow.
  3. Generates a report that summarizes how complete and complex of a migration is possible with GitHub Actions Importer.

Prerequisites for the audit command

In order to use the audit command, you must have a personal access token configured with a GitLab organization account.

Running the audit command

To perform an audit of a GitLab server, run the following command in your terminal, replacing my-gitlab-namespace with the namespace or group you are auditing:

gh actions-importer audit gitlab --output-dir tmp/audit --namespace my-gitlab-namespace

Inspecting the audit results

監査の結果は、指定した出力ディレクトリ内のファイルに含まれます。 監査結果の概要については、audit_summary.md ファイルを参照してください。

監査の概要には、次のセクションがあります。

Pipelines

"パイプライン" セクションには、GitHub Actions Importer によって行われた変換率に関する統計情報の概要が含まれます。

以下に、"パイプライン" セクションに表示される可能性がある主な用語を示します。

  • 成功したパイプラインでは、100% のパイプライン構成と個々の項目が、同等の GitHub Actions に自動的に変換されました。
  • 部分的に成功したパイプラインは、すべてのパイプライン構成が変換されましたが、同等の GitHub Actions に自動的に変換されなかった個別項目がいくつかあります。
  • 未サポートのパイプラインは、GitHub Actions Importer でサポートされていない定義の種類です。
  • 失敗したパイプラインは、変換中に致命的なエラーが発生しました。 これは、次の 3 つの理由のいずれかで発生する可能性があります。
    • パイプラインの構成が元々正しくなかったため、有効でなかった。
    • 変換時に GitHub Actions Importer で内部エラーが発生した。
    • ネットワーク応答が失敗して、パイプラインにアクセスできなくなったが、これは多くの場合、無効な資格情報が原因である。

ビルド ステップ

"ビルド ステップ" セクションには、すべてのパイプラインで使われる個々のビルド ステップの概要と、GitHub Actions Importer によって自動的に変換された数が含まれます。

以下に、"ビルド ステップ" セクションに表示される可能性がある主な用語を示します。

  • 既知のビルド ステップは、同等のアクションに自動的に変換されたステップです。
  • 不明なビルド ステップは、同等のアクションに自動的に変換されなかったステップです。
  • 未サポートのビルド ステップは、次のいずれかのステップです。
    • GitHub Actions で基本的にサポートされていない。
    • GitHub Actions と互換性のない方法で構成されている。
  • アクションは、変換されたワークフローで使われたアクションのリストです。 これは、次の場合に重要である可能性があります。
    • GitHub Enterprise Server を使う場合、インスタンスに同期するアクションのリストを収集する。
    • 使われるアクションの組織レベルの許可リストを定義する。 このアクション リストは、セキュリティ チームまたはコンプライアンス チームの確認を必要とする可能性があるアクションの包括的なリストです。

手動タスク

"手動タスク" セクションには、GitHub Actions Importer で自動的に完了できず、手動で完了する必要があるタスクの概要が含まれます。

以下に、"手動タスク" セクションに表示される可能性がある主な用語を示します。

  • シークレットは、変換されたパイプラインで使われるリポジトリまたは組織レベルのシークレットです。 これらのパイプラインが正常に機能するためには、これらのシークレットを GitHub Actions で手動で作成する必要があります。 詳しくは、「Using secrets in GitHub Actions」をご覧ください。
  • セルフホステッド ランナーとは、変換されたパイプラインで参照されるランナーのラベルのうち、GitHub ホステッド ランナーではないものを指します。 これらのパイプラインを適切に機能させるには、これらのランナーを手動で定義する必要があります。

ファイル

監査レポートの最後のセクションには、監査中にディスクに書き込まれたすべてのファイルのマニフェストが表示されます。

各パイプライン ファイルには、次のようなさまざまなファイルが監査に含まれます。

  • GitHub で定義された元のパイプライン。
  • パイプラインの変換に使われたネットワーク応答のすべて。
  • 変換されたワークフロー ファイル。
  • 失敗したパイプライン変換のトラブルシューティングに使用できるスタック トレース。

さらに、workflow_usage.csv ファイルには、正常に変換された各パイプラインで使われるすべてのアクション、シークレット、ランナーのコンマ区切りのリストが含まれます。 これは、どのワークフローがどのアクション、シークレット、ランナーを使うかを判断するのに役立ち、セキュリティ レビューを実行するのに役立ちます。

Forecast potential build runner usage

You can use the forecast command to forecast potential GitHub Actions usage by computing metrics from completed pipeline runs in your GitLab server.

Running the forecast command

To perform a forecast of potential GitHub Actions usage, run the following command in your terminal, replacing my-gitlab-namespace with the namespace or group you are forecasting. By default, GitHub Actions Importer includes the previous seven days in the forecast report.

gh actions-importer forecast gitlab --output-dir tmp/forecast --namespace my-gitlab-namespace

Forecasting an entire namespace

To forecast an entire namespace and all of its subgroups, you must specify each subgroup in the --namespace argument or NAMESPACE environment variable.

For example:

gh actions-importer forecast gitlab --namespace my-gitlab-namespace my-gitlab-namespace/subgroup-one my-gitlab-namespace/subgroup-two ...

Inspecting the forecast report

The forecast_report.md file in the specified output directory contains the results of the forecast.

Listed below are some key terms that can appear in the forecast report:

  • The job count is the total number of completed jobs.
  • The pipeline count is the number of unique pipelines used.
  • Execution time describes the amount of time a runner spent on a job. This metric can be used to help plan for the cost of GitHub-hosted runners.
    • This metric is correlated to how much you should expect to spend in GitHub Actions. This will vary depending on the hardware used for these minutes. You can use the GitHub Actions pricing calculator to estimate the costs.
  • Queue time metrics describe the amount of time a job spent waiting for a runner to be available to execute it.
  • Concurrent jobs metrics describe the amount of jobs running at any given time. This metric can be used to define the number of runners you should configure.

Additionally, these metrics are defined for each queue of runners in GitLab. This is especially useful if there is a mix of hosted or self-hosted runners, or high or low spec machines, so you can see metrics specific to different types of runners.

Perform a dry-run migration of a GitLab pipeline

You can use the dry-run command to convert a GitLab pipeline to its equivalent GitHub Actions workflow.

Running the dry-run command

You can use the dry-run command to convert a GitLab pipeline to an equivalent GitHub Actions workflow. A dry-run creates the output files in a specified directory, but does not open a pull request to migrate the pipeline.

To perform a dry run of migrating your GitLab pipelines to GitHub Actions, run the following command in your terminal, replacing my-gitlab-project with your GitLab project slug, and my-gitlab-namespace with the namespace or group (full group path for subgroups, e.g. my-org/my-team) you are performing a dry run for.

gh actions-importer dry-run gitlab --output-dir tmp/dry-run --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project

Inspecting the converted workflows

You can view the logs of the dry run and the converted workflow files in the specified output directory.

不明なビルド ステップや部分的に成功したパイプラインなど、GitHub Actions Importer で自動的に変換できなかったものがある場合は、カスタム トランスフォーマーを作成して変換プロセスをさらにカスタマイズできます。 詳しくは、「Extending GitHub Actions Importer with custom transformers」をご覧ください。

Perform a production migration of a GitLab pipeline

You can use the migrate command to convert a GitLab pipeline and open a pull request with the equivalent GitHub Actions workflow.

Running the migrate command

To migrate a GitLab pipeline to GitHub Actions, run the following command in your terminal, replacing the following values:

  • target-url value with the URL for your GitHub repository
  • my-gitlab-project with your GitLab project slug
  • my-gitlab-namespace with the namespace or group you are migrating (full path for subgroups, e.g. my-org/my-team)
gh actions-importer migrate gitlab --target-url https://github.com/:owner/:repo --output-dir tmp/migrate --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project

The command's output includes the URL to the pull request that adds the converted workflow to your repository. An example of a successful output is similar to the following:

$ gh actions-importer migrate gitlab --target-url https://github.com/octo-org/octo-repo --output-dir tmp/migrate --namespace octo-org --project monas-project
[2022-08-20 22:08:20] Logs: 'tmp/migrate/log/actions-importer-20220916-014033.log'
[2022-08-20 22:08:20] Pull request: 'https://github.com/octo-org/octo-repo/pull/1'

pull request の検査

migrate コマンドが正常に実行された場合、出力には、変換されたワークフローをリポジトリに追加する新しい pull request へのリンクが含まれます。

pull request の重要な要素には、次のようなものがあります。

  • pull request の説明の「手動ステップ」というセクションには、パイプラインの GitHub Actions への移行を終了する前に手動で完了する必要があるステップが列挙されています。 たとえば、このセクションでは、ワークフローで使われるシークレットを作成するように指示する場合があります。
  • 変換されたワークフロー ファイル。 Pull request の [Files changed] タブを選んで、GitHub リポジトリに追加されるワークフロー ファイルを表示します。

Pull request の検査が終了したら、それをマージして、ワークフローを GitHub リポジトリに追加できます。

Reference

This section contains reference information on environment variables, optional arguments, and supported syntax when using GitHub Actions Importer to migrate from GitLab.

Using environment variables

GitHub Actions Importer では、認証構成に環境変数が使われます。 これらの変数は、configure コマンドを使って構成プロセスに従うことで設定します。 詳細については、資格情報の構成に関するセクションを参照してください。

GitHub Actions Importer uses the following environment variables to connect to your GitLab instance:

  • GITHUB_ACCESS_TOKEN: The personal access token (classic) used to create pull requests with a converted workflow (requires the workflow scope).
  • GITHUB_INSTANCE_URL: The URL to the target GitHub instance (for example, https://github.com).
  • GITLAB_ACCESS_TOKEN: The GitLab personal access token used to view GitLab resources.
  • GITLAB_INSTANCE_URL: The URL of the GitLab instance.
  • NAMESPACE: The namespaces or groups that contain the GitLab pipelines.

These environment variables can be specified in a .env.local file that is loaded by GitHub Actions Importer when it is run.

Using optional arguments

GitHub Actions Importer サブコマンドと一緒に使って、移行をカスタマイズできる省略可能な引数があります。

--source-file-path

You can use the --source-file-path argument with the forecast, dry-run, or migrate subcommands.

By default, GitHub Actions Importer fetches pipeline contents from source control. The --source-file-path argument tells GitHub Actions Importer to use the specified source file path instead.

For example:

gh actions-importer dry-run gitlab --output-dir output/ --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project --source-file-path path/to/.gitlab-ci.yml

If you would like to supply multiple source files when running the forecast subcommand, you can use pattern matching in the file path value. The following example supplies GitHub Actions Importer with any source files that match the ./tmp/previous_forecast/jobs/*.json file path.

gh actions-importer forecast gitlab --output-dir output/ --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project --source-file-path ./tmp/previous_forecast/jobs/*.json

--config-file-path

You can use the --config-file-path argument with the audit, dry-run, and migrate subcommands.

By default, GitHub Actions Importer fetches pipeline contents from source control. The --config-file-path argument tells GitHub Actions Importer to use the specified source files instead.

The --config-file-path argument can also be used to specify which repository a converted reusable workflow should be migrated to.

Audit example

In this example, GitHub Actions Importer uses the specified YAML configuration file to perform an audit.

gh actions-importer audit gitlab --output-dir path/to/output/ --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --config-file-path path/to/gitlab/config.yml

To audit a GitLab instance using a configuration file, the file must be in the following format, and each repository_slug value must be unique:

source_files:
  - repository_slug: namespace/project-name
    path: path/to/.gitlab-ci.yml
  - repository_slug: namespace/some-other-project-name
    path: path/to/.gitlab-ci.yml
Dry run example

In this example, GitHub Actions Importer uses the specified YAML configuration file as the source file to perform a dry run.

The pipeline is selected by matching the repository_slug in the configuration file to the value of the --namespace and --project options. The path is then used to pull the specified source file.

gh actions-importer dry-run gitlab --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project-name --output-dir ./output/ --config-file-path ./path/to/gitlab/config.yml
Specify the repository of converted reusable workflows

GitHub Actions Importer uses the YAML file provided to the --config-file-path argument to determine the repository that converted reusable workflows are migrated to.

To begin, you should run an audit without the --config-file-path argument:

gh actions-importer audit gitlab --output-dir ./output/

The output of this command will contain a file named config.yml that contains a list of all the composite actions that were converted by GitHub Actions Importer. For example, the config.yml file may have the following contents:

reusable_workflows:
  - name: my-reusable-workflow.yml
    target_url: https://github.com/octo-org/octo-repo
    ref: main

You can use this file to specify which repository and ref a reusable workflow or composite action should be added to. You can then use the --config-file-path argument to provide the config.yml file to GitHub Actions Importer. For example, you can use this file when running a migrate command to open a pull request for each unique repository defined in the config file:

gh actions-importer migrate gitlab --project my-project-name --output-dir output/ --config-file-path config.yml --target-url https://github.com/my-org/my-repo

Supported syntax for GitLab pipelines

The following table shows the type of properties GitHub Actions Importer is currently able to convert. For more details about how GitLab pipeline syntax aligns with GitHub Actions, see Migrating from GitLab CI/CD to GitHub Actions.

GitLab PipelinesGitHub ActionsStatus
after_scriptjobs.<job_id>.stepsSupported
auto_cancel_pending_pipelinesconcurrencySupported
before_scriptjobs.<job_id>.stepsSupported
build_timeout or timeoutjobs.<job_id>.timeout-minutesSupported
defaultNot applicableSupported
imagejobs.<job_id>.containerSupported
jobjobs.<job_id>Supported
needsjobs.<job_id>.needsSupported
only_allow_merge_if_pipeline_succeedson.pull_requestSupported
resource_groupjobs.<job_id>.concurrencySupported
scheduleon.scheduleSupported
scriptjobs.<job_id>.stepsSupported
stagesjobsSupported
tagsjobs.<job_id>.runs-onSupported
variablesenv, jobs.<job_id>.envSupported
Run pipelines for new commitson.pushSupported
Run pipelines manuallyon.workflow_dispatchSupported
environmentjobs.<job_id>.environmentPartially supported
includeFiles referenced in an include statement are merged into a single job graph before being transformed.Partially supported
only or exceptjobs.<job_id>.ifPartially supported
paralleljobs.<job_id>.strategyPartially supported
rulesjobs.<job_id>.ifPartially supported
servicesjobs.<job_id>.servicesPartially supported
workflowifPartially supported

For information about supported GitLab constructs, see the github/gh-actions-importer repository.

Environment variables syntax

GitHub Actions Importer uses the mapping in the table below to convert default GitLab environment variables to the closest equivalent in GitHub Actions.

GitLabGitHub Actions
CI_API_V4_URL${{ github.api_url }}
CI_BUILDS_DIR${{ github.workspace }}
CI_COMMIT_BRANCH${{ github.ref }}
CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME${{ github.ref }}
CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG${{ github.ref }}
CI_COMMIT_SHA${{ github.sha }}
CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA${{ github.sha }}
CI_COMMIT_TAG${{ github.ref }}
CI_JOB_ID${{ github.job }}
CI_JOB_MANUAL${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
CI_JOB_NAME${{ github.job }}
CI_JOB_STATUS${{ job.status }}
CI_JOB_URL${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
CI_JOB_TOKEN${{ github.token }}
CI_NODE_INDEX${{ strategy.job-index }}
CI_NODE_TOTAL${{ strategy.job-total }}
CI_PIPELINE_ID${{ github.repository}}/${{ github.workflow }}
CI_PIPELINE_IID${{ github.workflow }}
CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE${{ github.event_name }}
CI_PIPELINE_TRIGGERED${{ github.actions }}
CI_PIPELINE_URL${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
CI_PROJECT_DIR${{ github.workspace }}
CI_PROJECT_ID${{ github.repository }}
CI_PROJECT_NAME${{ github.event.repository.name }}
CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE${{ github.repository_owner }}
CI_PROJECT_PATH_SLUG${{ github.repository }}
CI_PROJECT_PATH${{ github.repository }}
CI_PROJECT_ROOT_NAMESPACE${{ github.repository_owner }}
CI_PROJECT_TITLE${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
CI_PROJECT_URL${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}
CI_REPOSITORY_URL${{ github.event.repository.clone_url }}
CI_RUNNER_EXECUTABLE_ARCH${{ runner.os }}
CI_SERVER_HOST${{ github.server_url }}
CI_SERVER_URL${{ github.server_url }}
CI_SERVER${{ github.actions }}
GITLAB_CI${{ github.actions }}
GITLAB_USER_EMAIL${{ github.actor }}
GITLAB_USER_ID${{ github.actor }}
GITLAB_USER_LOGIN${{ github.actor }}
GITLAB_USER_NAME${{ github.actor }}
TRIGGER_PAYLOAD${{ github.event_path }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ASSIGNEES${{ github.event.pull_request.assignees }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ID${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_IID${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_LABELS${{ github.event.pull_request.labels }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_MILESTONE${{ github.event.pull_request.milestone }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_PROJECT_ID${{ github.repository }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_PROJECT_PATH${{ github.repository }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_PROJECT_URL${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_REF_PATH${{ github.ref }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_BRANCH_NAME${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_BRANCH_SHA${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha}}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_PROJECT_ID${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_PROJECT_PATH${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_PROJECT_URL${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.url }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_TARGET_BRANCH_NAME${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_TARGET_BRANCH_SHA${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_TITLE${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_IID${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_SOURCE_REPOSITORY${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_TARGET_REPOSITORY${{ github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_SOURCE_BRANCH_NAME${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_SOURCE_BRANCH_SHA${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_TARGET_BRANCH_NAME${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_TARGET_BRANCH_SHA${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}

MIT ライセンスのもとで https://github.com/github/gh-actions-importer/ から一部を引用しています。

MIT License

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