👹 Longest Binary Subsequence K – LeetCode 2311 (C++ | JavaScript | Python )

👋 Hey, binary sleuths! 🕵️‍♂️💡

Today, we dive into a clever bit manipulation puzzle — LeetCode 2311: Longest Binary Subsequence Less Than or Equal to K. It’s all about squeezing the longest subsequence out of a binary string that forms a number ≤ k. Let's decode this one together! 🧠

🧠 Problem Summary

You're given:

• A binary string s
• An integer k

You need to return the length of the longest subsequence of s such that:

• That subsequence forms a valid binary number ≤ k
• Leading zeroes are allowed
• Subsequence must respect the original order of characters

🧩 Intuition

To maximize the length of the subsequence:

• Include all '0's — they do not increase the binary value.
• Greedily add '1's from the right side — since binary is weighted from right to left, rightmost '1's have smaller impact.
• Stop adding when the resulting number exceeds k.

🧮 C++ Code

class Solution {
 public:
  int longestSubsequence(string s, int k) {
    int oneCount = 0;
    int num = 0;
    int pow = 1;

    // Take as many 1s as possible from the right.
    for (int i = s.length() - 1; i >= 0 && num + pow <= k; --i) {
      if (s[i] == '1') {
        ++oneCount;
        num += pow;
      }
      pow *= 2;
    }

    return ranges::count(s, '0') + oneCount;
  }
};

💻 JavaScript Code

var longestSubsequence = function(s, k) {
    let oneCount = 0;
    let num = 0;
    let pow = 1;

    for (let i = s.length - 1; i >= 0 && num + pow <= k; i--) {
        if (s[i] === '1') {
            oneCount++;
            num += pow;
        }
        pow *= 2;
    }

    const zeroCount = [...s].filter(ch => ch === '0').length;
    return zeroCount + oneCount;
};

🐍 Python Code

class Solution:
    def longestSubsequence(self, s: str, k: int) -> int:
        one_count = 0
        num = 0
        pow_ = 1

        for i in range(len(s) - 1, -1, -1):
            if s[i] == '1':
                if num + pow_ > k:
                    break
                one_count += 1
                num += pow_
            pow_ *= 2

        return s.count('0') + one_count

✅ Final Thoughts

This is a brilliant example of how understanding binary properties helps solve real problems. A few key insights let us:

• Avoid brute-force subsequence generation
• Use greedy and bitwise intuition
• Keep things simple and efficient

Drop a ❤️ if this helped, and keep sharpening your problem-solving toolkit! 💻✨

Happy coding! 🚀