Burak Yolaçan
M.A: Architectural Space Planning in the Oracle of Apollo at Klaros
PhD: The Agora Basilica of Smyrna
Phone: 0090 532 703 53 23
Address: Dokuz Eylül University
Department of Archaeology
Buca İzmir Turkey
PhD: The Agora Basilica of Smyrna
Phone: 0090 532 703 53 23
Address: Dokuz Eylül University
Department of Archaeology
Buca İzmir Turkey
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Keywords: Country (khora), Castle (phrourion), Camp (stratopedon), Greek and Roman Period, Defensive architecture.
An in-depth archaeological report featuring graffiti found during a recent excavation at the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna.
The graffiti published in this richly-illustrated volume were discovered during an excavation of the Roman basilica in the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna, known today as Izmir, which is situated on the Aegean coast of modern Turkey.
The project, which began in 2003, has unearthed a multitude of graffiti and drawings encompassing a wide range of subjects and interests, including local politics, nautical vessels, sex, and wordplay. Each graffito artifact holds the potential for vast historical and cultural data, rescued in this volume from the passage of time and razing ambitions of urban development. Given the city’s history, the potential wealth of knowledge to be gleamed from these discoveries is substantial: Smyrna has an uninterrupted history of settlement since the Neolithic–Copper ages, and remains today a major city and Mediterranean seaport at the crossroads of key trade routes.
The present volume provides comprehensive editions of the texts, descriptions of the drawings, and an extensive introduction to the subjects of the graffiti, how they were produced, and who was responsible for them. A complete set of color photographs is included.
The building has been in use since at least the first quarter of 2. century as a basilica and 2. century BC as a stoa. It has gone through a major rebuilding after an earthquake in 177 and has been in use until 7. century when it was abandoned with the rest of the Agora.
Smyrna Agora Bazilikası Smyrna Agorasının kuzey kanadında, 161 m X 29 m ölçülerinde 3 katlı ve Agoranın odak noktası olan çok amaçlı bir prestij yapısıdır. Asyatik bazilikaların genel yapı özelliklerine sahip olsa da yapıda bazı yenilikçi özellikler görülmektedir; 2. katın taşınmasından kullanılan kemerler ve yapının cryptoporticusunda kullanılan çapraz kemerler gibi. Yapının bodrum katı aynı zamanda Antik dünyanın en büyük graffito koleksiyonlarından birine de ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.
Yapı MÖ 2 yydan beri stoa ve 125lerden itibaren de bazilika olarak kullanımdadır. Bazilika yapısı 177 depreminden sonra esaslı bir yapı evresi geçirmiş ve 7 yyda ise Agoranın geri kalanı ile birlikte terkedilmiştir.
During the conference more than 100 oral and poster presentations were submitted by the partecipants, archaeologists, geologists, art historians, conservators, historians of Classical antiquity, architectural historians, chemists and physicist from at least 15 different nationalities.
The papers presented in this book can be grouped under 4 main headings like applications to specific archaeological questions – use of marble; provenance identification marble and other stones; advances in provenance techniques, methodologies and databases; quarries and geology: quarrying techniques, organisation, transport of stones, new quarries, stone carving and dressing, hazards and preservation of quarries; stone properties, weathering effects and restoration, as related to diagnosis problems, matching of stone fragments and authenticity and pigments and painting on marble.
In this symposium, which lasted 7 days, including five days of presentations and 2 days of field trips, important scientific discussions were made on the above-mentioned issues by the attendees from various disciplines. We believe that the proceeding book of ASMOSIA XII including the results of the important multidisciplinary works will help the researchers who work in these fields.
We would like to thank Dokuz Eylül University for it’s support during the symposium and for printing this proceeding book. We would like to express our special thanks to Dr. Akın Ersoy and to the other organization committee members of the ASMOSIA XII conferences. Additionally, we also would like to thank the reviewers who gave important support during the reviewing processes of this book.
Finally, we want to dedicate this volume of the XII Asmosia Izmir Proceedings to the dear memory of Moshe Fischer. Esteemed colleague, one of the greatest scholar about roman architectural decoration in the Levant and in larger part of the Mediterranean, Moshe was fellow of Asmosia since the first Workshop held at Il Ciocco (Lucca, Italy) in 1988 and finally member of the executive Committee of Asmosia since 2015. We will never forget his friendliness and kindness, his archaeological expertise, his deep voice and his mustache.
Ali Bahadır Yavuz
Burak Yolaçan
Matthias Bruno
yürütülen 2009 yılı arkeolojik kazı çalışmaları 06.02.2009 –29.12.2009 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Smyrna antik kenti kazıları çerçevesinde çalışmalar ruhsat alanı içindeki iki alanda yürütülmüştür. Bu iki kazı alanından ilki olan 1. Derece Arkeolojik Sit Alanı olarak tescilli Smyrna Agorası’ndaki çalışmalar dört noktada kazı ve iki noktada graffiti
ve mozaik konservasyonu olmak üzere altı noktada sürdürülmüştür. Kazı çalışmalarının yürütüldüğü diğer alan ise Kadifekale’dir.
Projesi kapsamında; günümüz İzmir kent merkezi ve civarında konumlanmakta olan ve çeşitli arkeolojik kalıntılar barındırma potansiyeli yüksek lokasyonlarda varsa arkeolojik verilerin tespiti ve tasnifi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 10 Ekim ile 22 Ekim tarihleri arasında gidilmek üzere İzmir merkez ilçelerinden Bornova, Buca ilçeleri ile Menemen İlçesi’nde yer alan bazı alanların araştırılması öncelikli olarak hedeflenmiştir.
Keywords: Country (khora), Castle (phrourion), Camp (stratopedon), Greek and Roman Period, Defensive architecture.
An in-depth archaeological report featuring graffiti found during a recent excavation at the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna.
The graffiti published in this richly-illustrated volume were discovered during an excavation of the Roman basilica in the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna, known today as Izmir, which is situated on the Aegean coast of modern Turkey.
The project, which began in 2003, has unearthed a multitude of graffiti and drawings encompassing a wide range of subjects and interests, including local politics, nautical vessels, sex, and wordplay. Each graffito artifact holds the potential for vast historical and cultural data, rescued in this volume from the passage of time and razing ambitions of urban development. Given the city’s history, the potential wealth of knowledge to be gleamed from these discoveries is substantial: Smyrna has an uninterrupted history of settlement since the Neolithic–Copper ages, and remains today a major city and Mediterranean seaport at the crossroads of key trade routes.
The present volume provides comprehensive editions of the texts, descriptions of the drawings, and an extensive introduction to the subjects of the graffiti, how they were produced, and who was responsible for them. A complete set of color photographs is included.
The building has been in use since at least the first quarter of 2. century as a basilica and 2. century BC as a stoa. It has gone through a major rebuilding after an earthquake in 177 and has been in use until 7. century when it was abandoned with the rest of the Agora.
Smyrna Agora Bazilikası Smyrna Agorasının kuzey kanadında, 161 m X 29 m ölçülerinde 3 katlı ve Agoranın odak noktası olan çok amaçlı bir prestij yapısıdır. Asyatik bazilikaların genel yapı özelliklerine sahip olsa da yapıda bazı yenilikçi özellikler görülmektedir; 2. katın taşınmasından kullanılan kemerler ve yapının cryptoporticusunda kullanılan çapraz kemerler gibi. Yapının bodrum katı aynı zamanda Antik dünyanın en büyük graffito koleksiyonlarından birine de ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.
Yapı MÖ 2 yydan beri stoa ve 125lerden itibaren de bazilika olarak kullanımdadır. Bazilika yapısı 177 depreminden sonra esaslı bir yapı evresi geçirmiş ve 7 yyda ise Agoranın geri kalanı ile birlikte terkedilmiştir.
During the conference more than 100 oral and poster presentations were submitted by the partecipants, archaeologists, geologists, art historians, conservators, historians of Classical antiquity, architectural historians, chemists and physicist from at least 15 different nationalities.
The papers presented in this book can be grouped under 4 main headings like applications to specific archaeological questions – use of marble; provenance identification marble and other stones; advances in provenance techniques, methodologies and databases; quarries and geology: quarrying techniques, organisation, transport of stones, new quarries, stone carving and dressing, hazards and preservation of quarries; stone properties, weathering effects and restoration, as related to diagnosis problems, matching of stone fragments and authenticity and pigments and painting on marble.
In this symposium, which lasted 7 days, including five days of presentations and 2 days of field trips, important scientific discussions were made on the above-mentioned issues by the attendees from various disciplines. We believe that the proceeding book of ASMOSIA XII including the results of the important multidisciplinary works will help the researchers who work in these fields.
We would like to thank Dokuz Eylül University for it’s support during the symposium and for printing this proceeding book. We would like to express our special thanks to Dr. Akın Ersoy and to the other organization committee members of the ASMOSIA XII conferences. Additionally, we also would like to thank the reviewers who gave important support during the reviewing processes of this book.
Finally, we want to dedicate this volume of the XII Asmosia Izmir Proceedings to the dear memory of Moshe Fischer. Esteemed colleague, one of the greatest scholar about roman architectural decoration in the Levant and in larger part of the Mediterranean, Moshe was fellow of Asmosia since the first Workshop held at Il Ciocco (Lucca, Italy) in 1988 and finally member of the executive Committee of Asmosia since 2015. We will never forget his friendliness and kindness, his archaeological expertise, his deep voice and his mustache.
Ali Bahadır Yavuz
Burak Yolaçan
Matthias Bruno
yürütülen 2009 yılı arkeolojik kazı çalışmaları 06.02.2009 –29.12.2009 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Smyrna antik kenti kazıları çerçevesinde çalışmalar ruhsat alanı içindeki iki alanda yürütülmüştür. Bu iki kazı alanından ilki olan 1. Derece Arkeolojik Sit Alanı olarak tescilli Smyrna Agorası’ndaki çalışmalar dört noktada kazı ve iki noktada graffiti
ve mozaik konservasyonu olmak üzere altı noktada sürdürülmüştür. Kazı çalışmalarının yürütüldüğü diğer alan ise Kadifekale’dir.
Projesi kapsamında; günümüz İzmir kent merkezi ve civarında konumlanmakta olan ve çeşitli arkeolojik kalıntılar barındırma potansiyeli yüksek lokasyonlarda varsa arkeolojik verilerin tespiti ve tasnifi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 10 Ekim ile 22 Ekim tarihleri arasında gidilmek üzere İzmir merkez ilçelerinden Bornova, Buca ilçeleri ile Menemen İlçesi’nde yer alan bazı alanların araştırılması öncelikli olarak hedeflenmiştir.