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- Die Pachucos waren eine mexikanische Jugendkultur im Süden der USA während der 1930er- und 1940er-Jahre. Die Pachucos grenzten sich durch einen bestimmten Kleidungsstil („Zoot Suits“) und einen eigenen Dialekt (Caló) sowohl von der US-amerikanischen als auch von der mexikanischen Gesellschaft ab, und gerieten oftmals in Konflikt mit dem Gesetz. In Mexiko wurden die Pachucos insbesondere durch den Philosophen Octavio Paz bekannt, der den Pachucos in seinem Hauptwerk Das Labyrinth der Einsamkeit eine Untersuchung widmete. Die bekannte Neoswing-Band Royal Crown Revue widmete den Pachucos einen Song mit dem Titel Hey Pachuco, der von der Band in der Komödie Die Maske dargeboten wird. (de)
- El término pachuco se refiere a una contracultura surgida en la frontera méxico-estadounidense en la década de 1930, donde jóvenes de origen mexicano expusieron su forma de vida y sus gustos, con deseos de sobresalir ante la marginación de la que eran víctimas en el territorio estadounidense. Son muy conocidos por su argot y el estilo de su vestimenta. Los pachucos, originalmente, eran aquellos que cruzaban la frontera desde Ciudad Juárez hacia El Paso, en un intercambio cultural histórico y constante; sin embargo, el término no es exclusivo de esta frontera, sino que se fue asociando con todo el movimiento de mexicanos y mexicoamericanos en el norte de México y en el sur de los Estados Unidos.[cita requerida] (es)
- Pachucos are male members of a counterculture associated with zoot suit fashion, jazz and swing music, a distinct dialect known as caló, and self-empowerment in rejecting assimilation into Anglo-American society that emerged in El Paso, Texas in the late 1930s. The pachuco counterculture flourished among Chicano boys and men in the 1940s as a symbol of rebellion, especially in Los Angeles. It spread to women who became known as pachucas and were perceived as unruly, masculine, and un-American. Some pachucos adopted strong attitudes of social defiance, engaging in behavior seen as deviant by white/Anglo-American society, such as marijuana smoking, gang activity, and a turbulent night life. Although concentrated among a relatively small group of Mexican Americans, the pachuco counterculture became iconic among Chicanos and a predecessor for the cholo subculture which emerged among Chicano youth in the 1980s. Pachucos emerged in El Paso, Texas, among a group of Chicano youth who were influenced by African American culture and urban 'hep cats,' although it may have roots in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico, where loose-fitting clothing was popular among men. It later spread throughout the Southwest into Los Angeles, where it developed further. In the border areas of California and Texas, a distinct youth culture known as pachuquismo developed in the 1940s and has been credited as an influence to Chicanismo. Pachuco zoot suiters were influenced by Black zoot suiters in the jazz and swing music scene on the east coast. In LA, Chicano zoot suiters developed their own cultural identity, "with their hair done in big pompadours, and 'draped' in tailor-made suits ... They spoke caló, their own language, a cool jive of half-English, half-Spanish rhythms ... Out of the zoot-suiter experience came lowrider cars and culture, clothes, music, tag names, and, again, its own graffiti language." Pachucos were perceived as alien to both Mexican and Anglo-American culture–a distinctly Chicano figure. In Mexico, the pachuco was understood "as a caricature of the American," while in the United States he was perceived as so-called "proof of Mexican degeneracy." Mexican critics such as Octavio Paz denounced the pachuco as a man who had "lost his whole inheritance: language, religion, customs, belief." In response, Chicanos heavily criticized Paz and embraced the oppositional position of the pachuco as an embodied representation of resistance to Anglo-American cultural hegemony. To Chicanos, the pachuco had acquired and emanated self-empowerment and agency through a "stylized power" of rebellious resistance and spectacular excess. (en)
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- El término pachuco se refiere a una contracultura surgida en la frontera méxico-estadounidense en la década de 1930, donde jóvenes de origen mexicano expusieron su forma de vida y sus gustos, con deseos de sobresalir ante la marginación de la que eran víctimas en el territorio estadounidense. Son muy conocidos por su argot y el estilo de su vestimenta. Los pachucos, originalmente, eran aquellos que cruzaban la frontera desde Ciudad Juárez hacia El Paso, en un intercambio cultural histórico y constante; sin embargo, el término no es exclusivo de esta frontera, sino que se fue asociando con todo el movimiento de mexicanos y mexicoamericanos en el norte de México y en el sur de los Estados Unidos.[cita requerida] (es)
- Die Pachucos waren eine mexikanische Jugendkultur im Süden der USA während der 1930er- und 1940er-Jahre. Die Pachucos grenzten sich durch einen bestimmten Kleidungsstil („Zoot Suits“) und einen eigenen Dialekt (Caló) sowohl von der US-amerikanischen als auch von der mexikanischen Gesellschaft ab, und gerieten oftmals in Konflikt mit dem Gesetz. In Mexiko wurden die Pachucos insbesondere durch den Philosophen Octavio Paz bekannt, der den Pachucos in seinem Hauptwerk Das Labyrinth der Einsamkeit eine Untersuchung widmete. (de)
- Pachucos are male members of a counterculture associated with zoot suit fashion, jazz and swing music, a distinct dialect known as caló, and self-empowerment in rejecting assimilation into Anglo-American society that emerged in El Paso, Texas in the late 1930s. The pachuco counterculture flourished among Chicano boys and men in the 1940s as a symbol of rebellion, especially in Los Angeles. It spread to women who became known as pachucas and were perceived as unruly, masculine, and un-American. Some pachucos adopted strong attitudes of social defiance, engaging in behavior seen as deviant by white/Anglo-American society, such as marijuana smoking, gang activity, and a turbulent night life. Although concentrated among a relatively small group of Mexican Americans, the pachuco counterculture (en)
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