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- The Indian Peace Commission (also the Sherman, Taylor, or Great Peace Commission) was a group formed by an act of Congress on July 20, 1867 "to establish peace with certain hostile Indian tribes." It was composed of four civilians and three, later four, military leaders. Throughout 1867 and 1868, they negotiated with a number of tribes, including the Comanche, Kiowa, Arapaho, Kiowa-Apache, Cheyenne, Lakota, Navajo, Snake, Sioux, and Bannock. The treaties that resulted were designed to move the tribes to reservations, to "civilize" and assimilate these native peoples, and transition their societies from a nomadic to an agricultural existence. As language and cultural barriers affected the negotiations, it remains doubtful whether the tribes were fully informed of the provisions they agreed to. The Commission approached the tribes as a representative democracy, while the tribes made decisions via consensus: Indian chiefs functioned as mediators and councilors, without the authority to compel obedience from others. The Commission acted as a representative of the United States Congress, but while Congress had authorized and funded the talks themselves, it did not fund any of the stipulations that the commissioners were empowered to negotiate. Once treaties were agreed to, the government was slow to act on some, and rejected others. Even for those treaties that were ratified, promised benefits were often delayed, or not provided at all. Congress was not compelled to support actions taken in its name, and eventually stopped the practice of treaty making with tribes in 1871. The Indian Peace Commission was generally seen as a failure, and violence had reignited even before it was disbanded in October 1868. Two official reports were submitted to the federal government, ultimately recommending that the U.S. cease recognizing tribes as sovereign nations, refrain from making treaties with them, employ military force against those who refused to relocate to reservations, and move the Bureau of Indian Affairs from the Department of the Interior to the Department of War. The system of treaties eventually deteriorated to the point of collapse, and a decade of war followed the commission's work. It was the last major commission of its kind. (en)
- La commission de paix indienne (en anglais : Indian Peace Commission) est un groupe créé par une loi du Congrès du 20 juillet 1867 dans le but d'établir la paix avec certaines tribus amérindiennes des Grandes Plaines. Il était composé de quatre civils et de trois (puis quatre) officiers militaires. Entre 1867 et 1868, les membres de la commission ont négocié avec de nombreuses tribus dont les Kiowas, Comanches, Kiowas-Apaches, Cheyennes, Arapahos, Crows, Navajos, Shoshones, Bannocks et Lakotas. Les traités qui en ont résulté avaient pour but de déplacer les tribus vers des réserves afin de les « civiliser » et les assimiler en les faisant passer d'un mode de vie nomade à une existence basée sur l'agriculture. (fr)
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- If we intend to have war with them, the [Bureau of Indian Affairs] should go to the Secretary of War. If we intend to have peace, it should be in the civil department. In our judgment, such wars are wholly unnecessary, and hoping that the government and the country will agree with us, we cannot now advise the change.—First report of the Indian Peace Commission, January 1868 (en)
- Resolved, That in the opinion of this commission the Bureau of Indian Affairs should be transferred from the Department of the Interior to the Deparement of War.—Final report of the Indian Peace Commission, October 1868 (en)
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- La commission de paix indienne (en anglais : Indian Peace Commission) est un groupe créé par une loi du Congrès du 20 juillet 1867 dans le but d'établir la paix avec certaines tribus amérindiennes des Grandes Plaines. Il était composé de quatre civils et de trois (puis quatre) officiers militaires. Entre 1867 et 1868, les membres de la commission ont négocié avec de nombreuses tribus dont les Kiowas, Comanches, Kiowas-Apaches, Cheyennes, Arapahos, Crows, Navajos, Shoshones, Bannocks et Lakotas. Les traités qui en ont résulté avaient pour but de déplacer les tribus vers des réserves afin de les « civiliser » et les assimiler en les faisant passer d'un mode de vie nomade à une existence basée sur l'agriculture. (fr)
- The Indian Peace Commission (also the Sherman, Taylor, or Great Peace Commission) was a group formed by an act of Congress on July 20, 1867 "to establish peace with certain hostile Indian tribes." It was composed of four civilians and three, later four, military leaders. Throughout 1867 and 1868, they negotiated with a number of tribes, including the Comanche, Kiowa, Arapaho, Kiowa-Apache, Cheyenne, Lakota, Navajo, Snake, Sioux, and Bannock. The treaties that resulted were designed to move the tribes to reservations, to "civilize" and assimilate these native peoples, and transition their societies from a nomadic to an agricultural existence. (en)
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