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IBM manufactured magnetic disk storage devices from 1956 to 2003, when it sold its hard disk drive business to Hitachi. Both the hard disk drive (HDD) and floppy disk drive (FDD) were invented by IBM and as such IBM's employees were responsible for many of the innovations in these products and their technologies. The basic mechanical arrangement of hard disk drives has not changed since the IBM 1301. Disk drive performance and characteristics are measured by the same standards now as they were in the 1950s. Few products in history have enjoyed such spectacular declines in cost and physical size along with equally dramatic improvements in capacity and performance.

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  • Die IBM 350 war das weltweit erste Festplattenlaufwerk und wurde am 14. September 1956 als Bestandteil des Computers IBM 305 RAMAC der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. RAMAC steht für Random Access Method of Accounting and Control. Die Entwicklung des Laufwerkes begann Anfang der 1950er Jahre in einem neuen Forschungszentrum von IBM in San José (Kalifornien) unter der Leitung von Reynold B. Johnson. Lochkarten waren bis dahin noch Stand der Technik und Geschäftsgrundlage von IBM. Die Anwender mussten sie jeweils aufgabengerecht umsortieren und dazu häufig auf Tischen auslegen. Nach Alternativen suchte IBM erst, als der schärfste Konkurrent Remington Rand die technisch führenden Hersteller von Trommelspeichern (ERA) und dem UNIVAC mit Magnetband (EMCC) aufkaufte. Das neue Team von IBM suchte eine Lösung, die kurze Zugriffszeit mit großer Speicherkapazität verband. Die Entscheidung zur Realisierung der Idee eines Plattenspeichers fiel im April 1953. Eine IBM 350 ist 173 cm hoch, 152 cm breit und 74 cm tief. Sie fasst etwa 5 Millionen 6-Bit-Zeichen. Das sind umgerechnet 3,75 Megabytes. Sie enthält 50 Aluminiumplatten von 61 cm Durchmesser, die beidseitig magnetisierbar beschichtet und in Abständen von 8 mm auf eine Welle gestapelt sind. Der Plattenstapel rotiert mit 1200 Umdrehungen pro Minute. Zum Speichern und Lesen von Daten werden zwei Arme mit Schreib- und Leseköpfen vertikal zu den jeweiligen Platten und anschließend unter oder über diese gefahren. Die Köpfe werden mit Druckluft auf Abstand zu den Platten gehalten. Ein entsprechender Kompressor ist in der IBM 350 enthalten. Die Zugriffszeit beträgt durchschnittlich 0,6 Sekunden. IBM 350 wurden nicht verkauft, sondern für 650 US-Dollar pro Monat vermietet. Am 18. August 1969 wurden alle wieder vom Markt genommen. (de)
  • El IBM 350 fue el primer disco duro, desarrollado por IBM como parte del sistema de cómputo IBM 305 RAMAC el 14 de septiembre de 1956. Simultáneamente un producto muy similar, el IBM 355, era anuanciado para el sistema de cómputo IBM 650 RAMAC. (es)
  • IBM manufactured magnetic disk storage devices from 1956 to 2003, when it sold its hard disk drive business to Hitachi. Both the hard disk drive (HDD) and floppy disk drive (FDD) were invented by IBM and as such IBM's employees were responsible for many of the innovations in these products and their technologies. The basic mechanical arrangement of hard disk drives has not changed since the IBM 1301. Disk drive performance and characteristics are measured by the same standards now as they were in the 1950s. Few products in history have enjoyed such spectacular declines in cost and physical size along with equally dramatic improvements in capacity and performance. IBM manufactured 8-inch floppy disk drives from 1969 until the mid-1980s, but did not become a significant manufacturer of smaller-sized, 5.25- or 3.5-inch floppy disk drives (the dimension refers to the diameter of the floppy disk, not the size of the drive). IBM always offered its magnetic disk drives for sale but did not offer them with original equipment manufacturer (OEM) terms until 1981. By 1996, IBM had stopped making hard disk drives unique to its systems and was offering all its HDDs as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM). IBM uses many terms to describe its various magnetic disk drives, such as direct-access storage device (DASD), disk file and diskette file. Here, the current industry standard terms, hard disk drive (HDD) and floppy disk drive (FDD), are used. (en)
  • IBMのディスク記憶装置(アイビーエムのディスクきおくそうち)ではIBMが開発したディスク記憶装置の歴史について解説する。そのほとんどはIBMサンノゼで開発されて、一部はIBMロチェスター、IBM藤沢で開発された。 1950年代にIBMによって開拓されたディスク記憶装置の発明はコンピュータ革命の重要な要素であった。ハードディスクドライブの基本的な機械構造はIBM 1301以来変わっていない。ディスクドライブの性能および特性は現在も同じ規格に基づいて測定されている。 (ja)
  • O IBM 350 era parte do IBM 305 RAMAC, o computador que introduziu ao mundo a tecnologia de armazenamento em discos, a 4 de setembro de 1956. RAMAC "Random Access Method of Accounting and Controle". Seu desenho foi motivado pela necessidade de substituir os cartões perfurados usadas pela maioria dos negócios da época. Os IBM 350 podiam alojar 5 milhões de caracteres de 7 bit (para perto de 4,4 megabytes). Tinham cinquenta discos de 61 cm (24 polegadas) de diâmetro com 100 superfícies de gravação. A cada superfície tinha 100 pistas. Os discos giravam a 1200 RPM. A taxa de transferência de dados era de 8800 caracteres por segundo. Duas cabeças de acesso independentes moviam-se para acima e para abaixo para seleccionar um disco e adentro e para fora para seleccionar uma pista de gravação, tudo isto controlado por um servo. Agregou-se uma terceira cabeça opcional. Na década de 1950 acrescentaram-se vários modelos melhorados. O computador IBM RAMAC 305 com o disco de armazenamento IBM 350 podia-se alugar por uns 3200 dólares ao mês. Os IBM 350 foram retirados oficialmente em 1969. As dimensões do IBM 350 eram 1,52 metros de comprimento, 1,73 metros de altura e 74 cm largura. IBM tinha uma regra terminante, que todos seus produtos não devem ultrapassar o regular de 75 cm (29,5 polegadas). Já que os IBM 350 foram montados horizontalmente, esta regra ditou provavelmente o diâmetro máximo dos discos. Numa entrevista publicada no Wall Street Journal a Currie Munce, o vice presidente de investigação de Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, que adquiriram o negócio do armazenamento de IBM, disse que a unidade inteira de RAMAC pesava mais de uma tonelada e teve que ser transladada com montacargas e ser entregue usando grandes aviões de carga. Segundo Munce, enquanto a capacidade de armazenamento podia ser aumentada a uns 5 megabites, o departamento de marketing de IBM estava na contramão do aumento da capacidade porque não sabiam vender um produto com mais capacidade. Hoje em dia, o Museu de história do computador, situado em Mountain View, Califórnia, dispõe de uma restauração do disco de armazenamento do RAMAC. (pt)
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  • El IBM 350 fue el primer disco duro, desarrollado por IBM como parte del sistema de cómputo IBM 305 RAMAC el 14 de septiembre de 1956. Simultáneamente un producto muy similar, el IBM 355, era anuanciado para el sistema de cómputo IBM 650 RAMAC. (es)
  • IBMのディスク記憶装置(アイビーエムのディスクきおくそうち)ではIBMが開発したディスク記憶装置の歴史について解説する。そのほとんどはIBMサンノゼで開発されて、一部はIBMロチェスター、IBM藤沢で開発された。 1950年代にIBMによって開拓されたディスク記憶装置の発明はコンピュータ革命の重要な要素であった。ハードディスクドライブの基本的な機械構造はIBM 1301以来変わっていない。ディスクドライブの性能および特性は現在も同じ規格に基づいて測定されている。 (ja)
  • Die IBM 350 war das weltweit erste Festplattenlaufwerk und wurde am 14. September 1956 als Bestandteil des Computers IBM 305 RAMAC der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. RAMAC steht für Random Access Method of Accounting and Control. IBM 350 wurden nicht verkauft, sondern für 650 US-Dollar pro Monat vermietet. Am 18. August 1969 wurden alle wieder vom Markt genommen. (de)
  • IBM manufactured magnetic disk storage devices from 1956 to 2003, when it sold its hard disk drive business to Hitachi. Both the hard disk drive (HDD) and floppy disk drive (FDD) were invented by IBM and as such IBM's employees were responsible for many of the innovations in these products and their technologies. The basic mechanical arrangement of hard disk drives has not changed since the IBM 1301. Disk drive performance and characteristics are measured by the same standards now as they were in the 1950s. Few products in history have enjoyed such spectacular declines in cost and physical size along with equally dramatic improvements in capacity and performance. (en)
  • O IBM 350 era parte do IBM 305 RAMAC, o computador que introduziu ao mundo a tecnologia de armazenamento em discos, a 4 de setembro de 1956. RAMAC "Random Access Method of Accounting and Controle". Seu desenho foi motivado pela necessidade de substituir os cartões perfurados usadas pela maioria dos negócios da época. Os IBM 350 podiam alojar 5 milhões de caracteres de 7 bit (para perto de 4,4 megabytes). Tinham cinquenta discos de 61 cm (24 polegadas) de diâmetro com 100 superfícies de gravação. A cada superfície tinha 100 pistas. Os discos giravam a 1200 RPM. A taxa de transferência de dados era de 8800 caracteres por segundo. Duas cabeças de acesso independentes moviam-se para acima e para abaixo para seleccionar um disco e adentro e para fora para seleccionar uma pista de gravação, tudo (pt)
rdfs:label
  • IBM 350 (de)
  • IBM 350 (es)
  • History of IBM magnetic disk drives (en)
  • IBMのディスク記憶装置 (ja)
  • IBM 350 (pt)
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