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- Arterial occlusion is a condition involving partial or complete blockage of blood flow through an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to body tissues. An occlusion of arteries disrupts oxygen and blood supply to tissues, leading to ischemia. Depending on the extent of ischemia, symptoms of arterial occlusion range from simple soreness and pain that can be relieved with rest, to a lack of sensation or paralysis that could require amputation. Arterial occlusion can be classified into three types based on etiology: embolism, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. These three types of occlusion underlie various common conditions, including coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and pulmonary embolism, which may be prevented by lowering risk factors. With improper prevention or management, these diseases can progress into life-threatening complications of myocardial infarction, gangrene, ischemic stroke, and in severe cases, terminate in brain death or cardiac arrest. Arterial occlusion is diagnosed by exercise testing, ultrasonic duplex testing, and multi-detector coronary tomography angiography. Meanwhile, treatment can vary from surgical interventions such as bypass, endarterectomy, and embolectomy, to blood-thinning medication. (en)
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