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- In medieval Iberia, an alférez (Spanish: [alˈfeɾeθ], Galician: [alˈfeɾɪθ]) or alferes (Portuguese: [alˈfɛɾɨʃ], Catalan: [əlˈfeɾəs]) was a high-ranking official in the household of a king or magnate. The term is derived from the Arabic الفارس (al-fāris), meaning "horseman" or "cavalier", and it was commonly Latinised as alferiz or alferis, although it was also translated into Latin as armiger or armentarius, meaning "armour-bearer". The connection with arms-bearing is visible in several Latin synonyms: fertorarius, inferartis, and offertor. The office was sometimes the same as that of the standard-bearer or signifer. The alférez was generally the next highest-ranking official after the majordomo. He was generally in charge of the king or magnate's mesnada (private army), his personal retinue of knights, and perhaps also of his armoury and his guard. He generally followed his lord on campaign and into battle. The office of alférez originated in the tenth century. In the Kingdom of Navarre in the tenth and eleventh centuries, the office of alférez changed hands with higher frequency than others, and there is also evidence of rotation. It is the only courtly office for which two officers are cited at the same time: Fortún Jiménez and Ortí Ortiz were both inferartes in a charter of 1043. In the kingdoms of Castile and León in the eleventh and twelfth centuries the office was generally bestowed on young noble members of the court, often as a prelude to promotion to the rank of count. It is known that Alfonso VIII of Castile rewarded his alférez Álvaro Núñez de Lara with the grant of a village for carrying his standard in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. (en)
- Erdi Aroan errege-alferez erregearen gudarosteen buruzagia izan zen. Horrela, Lope I.a Diaz Harokoa Antso III.a Gaztelakoarena izan zen, Antso VII.a Nafarroakoarena, Martin Enrikez Lakarrakoa Karlos II.a Nafarroakoarena edo Cid Campeador Antso II.a Gaztelakoarena. Alferez, gudari taldeetan, bandera eramaten zuena izan zen. Horrela, Indietako errege-alferez (gaztelaniaz: alférez real) ohorezko titulu sortu zuten zeremonia ofizialetan erregea ordezkatzeko. (eu)
- El alférez del pendón real o alférez del rey era un magistrado de alta categoría que llevaba antiguamente el pendón o estandarte real en las batallas a las que asistía personalmente el rey, cuyo ejército mandaba en ausencia suya como general en jefe. En virtud de la calidad que le incumbía de justicia mayor de la corte, estaba obligado a lo siguiente:
* Defender y acrecentar el reino
* Hacer venir a reto y demandar al que perdiese o menoscabase los heredamientos, villas, castillos u otras pertenencias del rey
* Juzgar a las personas de distinción que delinquiesen
* Pedir merced al rey por los que fuesen acusados sin culpa
* Decidir los pleitos que ocurriesen entre aquellos por razón de deudas pero sin poder imponer pena de muerte o pérdida de miembro. Tenía mesa en el palacio real y le pertenecía por Pascua florida la copa de oro o plata en que el rey hubiese usado en aquellos días y además un caballo de valor de cien maravedises de oro. Gozaba también de la prerrogativa de firmar en lugar preferente y confiar las donaciones y privilegios reales. (es)
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- Erdi Aroan errege-alferez erregearen gudarosteen buruzagia izan zen. Horrela, Lope I.a Diaz Harokoa Antso III.a Gaztelakoarena izan zen, Antso VII.a Nafarroakoarena, Martin Enrikez Lakarrakoa Karlos II.a Nafarroakoarena edo Cid Campeador Antso II.a Gaztelakoarena. Alferez, gudari taldeetan, bandera eramaten zuena izan zen. Horrela, Indietako errege-alferez (gaztelaniaz: alférez real) ohorezko titulu sortu zuten zeremonia ofizialetan erregea ordezkatzeko. (eu)
- In medieval Iberia, an alférez (Spanish: [alˈfeɾeθ], Galician: [alˈfeɾɪθ]) or alferes (Portuguese: [alˈfɛɾɨʃ], Catalan: [əlˈfeɾəs]) was a high-ranking official in the household of a king or magnate. The term is derived from the Arabic الفارس (al-fāris), meaning "horseman" or "cavalier", and it was commonly Latinised as alferiz or alferis, although it was also translated into Latin as armiger or armentarius, meaning "armour-bearer". The connection with arms-bearing is visible in several Latin synonyms: fertorarius, inferartis, and offertor. The office was sometimes the same as that of the standard-bearer or signifer. The alférez was generally the next highest-ranking official after the majordomo. He was generally in charge of the king or magnate's mesnada (private army), his personal retinu (en)
- El alférez del pendón real o alférez del rey era un magistrado de alta categoría que llevaba antiguamente el pendón o estandarte real en las batallas a las que asistía personalmente el rey, cuyo ejército mandaba en ausencia suya como general en jefe. En virtud de la calidad que le incumbía de justicia mayor de la corte, estaba obligado a lo siguiente: (es)
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