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The articles in English are the definite article the and the indefinite articles a and an. The definite article is used when the speaker believes that the listener knows the identity of the noun's referent (because it is obvious, because it is common knowledge, or because it was mentioned in the same sentence or an earlier sentence). The indefinite article is used when the speaker believes that the listener does not have to be told the identity of the referent. No article is used in some noun phrases. When referring to a particular date, the definite article the is typically used.

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  • Els articles en anglès són l'article definit the i els articles indefinits a i an. L'article determinat s'utilitza quan el parlant creu que l'oient coneix la identitat del referent del substantiu (perquè és evident, perquè és de coneixement comú, o perquè s'esmentava en la mateixa oració o en una frase anterior). L'article indefinit s'utilitza quan el parlant creu que no cal dir a l'oient la identitat del referent. No s'utilitza cap article en alguns sintagmas nominals. La gramàtica anglesa requereix que, en la majoria dels casos, un sintagma nominal singular i comptable comenci amb un determinant. Per exemple, tinc una caixa està bé, però *Tinc una caixa no. Els determinants més comuns són els articles the i a(n), que especifiquen la presència o absència de definició del substantiu. Altres determinants possibles inclouen paraules com aquesta, el meu, cadascun i molts. També hi ha casos en què no es requereix cap determinant, com a l'oració a John li agraden els cotxes ràpids, on ni en Joan ni els cotxes ràpids inclouen un determinant. L'article definit s'utilitza quan el referent del sintagma nominal és únic o conegut pel context. Per exemple, A l'oració El nen amb ulleres mirava la lluna, se suposa que en el context la referència només pot ser a un nen i una lluna. Tanmateix, l'article definit no s'utilitza: * amb noms genèrics (plural o incomptable): els cotxes tenen acceleradors, la felicitat es contagia, referint-se als cotxes en general i a la felicitat en general (compareu la felicitat que vaig sentir ahir, especificant la felicitat particular); * amb els noms més propis: Joan, França, Londres, etc. L'article indefinit a (davant d'un so consonàntic) o an (davant d'un so vocàlic) s'utilitza només amb noms singulars i comptables. Indica que el referent del sintagma nominal és un membre no especificat d'una classe. Per exemple, la frase Un home lleig fumava una pipa no especifica la identitat de l'home lleig o de la pipa. Quan es fa referència a una data concreta, normalment s'utilitza l'article definit the. * Va néixer el 10 de maig. Tanmateix, quan es fa referència a un dia de la setmana, s'utilitza l'article indefinit 'a'. * Va néixer un dijous. No s'utilitza cap article amb noms plurals o incomptables quan el referent és indefinit (igual que en el cas definit genèric descrit anteriorment). Tanmateix, en aquestes situacions, sovint s'afegeix el determinant alguns (o qualsevol en contextos negatius i en moltes preguntes). Per exemple: * Hi ha pomes a la cuina o Hi ha pomes a la cuina; * No tenim informació o No tenim cap informació; Vols te? o vols una mica de te? i t'agradaria un te? o Vols un bon te? A més, normalment no s'utilitzen articles: * en locucions nominals que contenen altres determinants (la meva casa, aquest gat, la història d'Amèrica), encara que poden combinar articles amb determinats altres determinants, com en els molts números, tal fill (vegeu determinants anglesos § Combinacions de determinants) . * amb pronoms (ell, ningú), encara que de nou són possibles determinades combinacions (com l'un, els molts, els pocs). * sintagmas nominals anteriors que consisteixen en una oració o sintagma infinitiu (el que has fet està molt bé, rendir-se és morir). Si cal que sigui concís, p. als titulars, signes, etiquetes i notes, sovint s'ometen articles juntament amb algunes altres paraules funcionals. Per exemple, al lloc d'atacar l'alcalde, un titular d'un diari podria dir que només l'alcalde va atacar. Per obtenir més informació sobre l'ús d'articles, consultar les seccions Article definit § Notes i § Article indefinit a continuació. Per a més casos en què no s'utilitza cap article, vegeu Article zero en anglès. (ca)
  • The articles in English are the definite article the and the indefinite articles a and an. The definite article is used when the speaker believes that the listener knows the identity of the noun's referent (because it is obvious, because it is common knowledge, or because it was mentioned in the same sentence or an earlier sentence). The indefinite article is used when the speaker believes that the listener does not have to be told the identity of the referent. No article is used in some noun phrases. English grammar requires that, in most cases, a singular, countable noun phrase start with a determiner. For example, I have a box is OK, but *I have box is not. The most common determiners are the articles the and a(n), which specify the presence or absence of definiteness of the noun. Other possible determiners include words like this, my, each and many. There are also cases where no determiner is required, as in the sentence John likes fast cars, where neither John nor fast cars includes a determiner. The definite article the is used when the referent of the noun phrase is assumed to be unique or known from the context. For example, In the sentence The boy with glasses was looking at the moon, it is assumed that in the context the reference can only be to one boy and one moon. However, the definite article is not used: * with generic nouns (plural or uncountable): cars have accelerators, happiness is contagious, referring to cars in general and happiness in general (compare the happiness I felt yesterday, specifying particular happiness); * with most proper names: John, France, London, etc. The indefinite article a (before a consonant sound) or an (before a vowel sound) is used only with singular, countable nouns. It indicates that the referent of the noun phrase is one unspecified member of a class. For example, the sentence An ugly man was smoking a pipe does not specify the identity of the ugly man or pipe. When referring to a particular date, the definite article the is typically used. * He was born on the 10th of May. When referring to a day of the week, the indefinite article "a" or definite article "the" may be used, following the same guidelines of generality versus specificity. * He was born on a Thursday. * He was born on the Monday before Thanksgiving. No article is used with plural or uncountable nouns when the referent is indefinite (just as in the generic definite case described above). However, in such situations, the determiner some is often added (or any in negative contexts and in many questions). For example: * There are apples in the kitchen or There are some apples in the kitchen; * We do not have information or We do not have any information; * Would you like tea? or Would you like some tea? and Would you like any tea? or Would you like some good tea? Additionally, articles are not normally used: * in noun phrases that contain other determiners (my house, this cat, America's history), although one can combine articles with certain other determiners, as in the many issues, such a child (see English determiners § Combinations of determiners). * with pronouns (he, nobody), although again certain combinations are possible (as the one, the many, the few). * preceding noun phrases consisting of a clause or infinitive phrase (what you've done is very good, to surrender is to die). If it is required to be concise, e.g. in headlines, signs, labels, and notes, articles are often omitted along with certain other function words. For example, rather than The mayor was attacked, a newspaper headline might say just Mayor attacked. For more information on article usage, see the sections Definite article § Notes and below. For more cases where no article is used, see Zero article in English. (en)
  • 本項では、英語における冠詞(かんし、article)について述べる。 冠詞とは、限定詞の一種で、名詞に付いてその定性を表すものである。英語の冠詞には、定冠詞「the」と不定冠詞「a」「an」があり、場合によっては「some」も不定冠詞として使用されることがある。定冠詞は、聞き手・読み手が(その名詞が指し示す対象)を特定できるという前提で使用される。すなわち、指示対象が明確または常識であるか、同じ文中あるいは先駆ける文の中で触れられており、唯一的に固定可能という状況で使用される。一方、不定冠詞は、聞き手・読み手が指示対象を特定できないという前提で使用され、不特定の要素を会話の中に新たに導入する役割がある。また、名詞句によっては、冠詞が一切使用されないこともある。つまり、英語の冠詞の語法としては、定冠詞、不定冠詞、無冠詞の3種が存在する。 も参照。 (ja)
  • 영어 관사(article)는 정관사(定冠詞, definite article) 'the'와 부정관사(不定冠詞, indefinite article) 'a'와 'an'이 있다. 정관사는 화자(speaker)가 청자(listener)가 명사의 (referent)을 알고 있다고 생각할 때 사용한다. 즉 '그것은 명백하기 때문에(because it is obvious)', '그것은 상식이기 때문에(because it is common knowledge)', '그것은 같은 문장이나 이전 문장에서 언급되었기 때문에(because it was mentioned in the same sentence or an earlier sentence)'라는 전제를 포함하고 있는 것이다. 부정관사는 청자가 지시대상을 들은 적이 없다고 생각할 때 화자가 사용한다. 일부 명사구(noun phrase)에서는 어떤 관사도 사용하지 않는다. 영문법(English grammar)에서는 단수가산명사(singular countable noun) 구는 앞에 (determiner)가 대부분 붙는다. 예를 들어, "나는 상자가 있다"에 해당하는 문장으로 "I have a box"는 되지만 "I have box"는 안된다. 가장 흔한 한정사 "the"와 "a(an)"은 명사의 한정성(definiteness)의 유무를 결정한다. 기타 한정사로는 "this", "my", "each", "many" 등이 있다. 한정사가 필요없는 경우도 있는데, "존은 빠른 차를 좋아한다"에 해당하는 "John likes fast cars."라는 문장에서, "John"과 "fast cars"는 한정사가 없다. 정관사 the는 명사구의 지시대상이 유일하거나(unique) 맥락 속에서 알고 있는(known from the context) 경우에 시용된다. 예를 들어, "안경 쓴 소년은 달을 보고 있었다"에 해당하는 문장 The boy with glasses was looking at the moon에서, 소년이 한 명이라는 것(맥락 속에서 알게 된 경우)과 달이 하나라는 것(유일한 것)만이 지시되어 있다고 보는 것이다. 그러나 다음의 경우엔 정관사를 사용하지 않는다. * 총칭명사(generic nouns) (복수명사 혹은 불가산명사) : 자동차는 악셀러레이터가 있다(cars have accelerators), 행복은 전염된다(happiness is contagious)의 경우, cars나 happiness 모두 다 일반적인 의미를 담고 있다. (반면 내가 어제 느낀 행복"the happiness I felt yesterday의 경우 특정한 의미의 행복을 나타내기에 the를 붙인다.) * 고유명사(proper name) : John, France, London 등 부정관사 a (자음 앞) 혹은 an (모음 앞)은 단수가산명사에만 사용 가능하다. 명사의 지시대상이 어느 한 분류(class) 중에 특정되지 않은 요소(member) 하나라는 것을 지시한다. 예를 들어, "어느 한 못생긴 사람이 파이프 담배를 피우고 있었다"에 해당하는 An ugly man was smoking a pipe의 경우, 못생긴 사람(ugly man)이나 파이프(pipe)가 누구인지 혹은 무엇인지를 구체적으로 특정하진 않았다. 특정 날짜를 지시할 경우, 정관사 the가 사용된다. * "그는 5월 10일에 태어났다(He was born on the 10th of May.) 그러나 한 주의 어느 한 날을 지시할 때는 부정관사 a(an)이 사용된다. * 그는 화요일에 태어났다(He was born on a Thursday.) 복수명사나 불가산명사 같이 지시대상이 정해지지 않은(indefinite) 경우, 관사를 사용하지 않는다. (상술한 총칭의 정해진 경우) 그러나 그런 상황에서 한정사 some이나 부정문 혹은 의문문에 사용하는 "any"는 붙일 수 있다. * "부엌에 사과들이 있다"(There are apples in the kitchen) 혹은 "부엌에 사과 몇 개가 있다"(There are some apples in the kitchen) * 우리는 정보가 없다(We do not have information) 혹은 우리는 어떤 정보도 없다(We do not have any information) * 차를 드시겠어요?(Would you like tea?) 혹은 차 좀 드시겠어요?(Would you like some tea?) 차 같은 거 드시겠어요?(Would you like any tea?) 혹은 좋은 차 좀 드시겠어요?(Would you like some good tea?) 또한 다음의 경우 관사는 보통 사용하지 않는다. * 다른 한정사를 품은 명사구 : my house, this cat, America's history처럼 명사나 명사구 앞에 my, this, America's와 같은 한정사가 이미 붙어 있는 경우. 단 몇 가지 한정사에서는 쓸 수 있다. 예) the many issues, such a child * 대명사 : he나 nobody와 같은 대명사와는 쓰지 않는다. 단, 일부 대명사와는 결합 가능하다. 예) the one, the many, the few * 절(clause)이나 부정사구(infinitive phrase)를 구성하는 명사구 앞에는 쓰지 않는다. 예) what you've done is very good, to surrender is to die 신문 헤드라인, 표지판, 라벨, 노트 필기 등 간결하게 작성할 경우, 다른 문법형태소(function word)와 함께 관사는 생략된다. 예를 들어 The mayor was attacked의 경우 정관사 the와 문법형태소인 동사 was가 생략되어 Mayor attacked라고 한다. (ko)
  • Przedimek w języku angielskim – nieodmienna część mowy w języku angielskim należąca do . Przedimek (ang. article) występuje przed rzeczownikiem lub frazą rzeczownikową i obrazuje stopień znajomości desygnatu przez zarówno autora wypowiedzi, jak i odbiorcę. Są trzy rodzaje przedimków: nieokreślony, określony i zerowy. Przedimek nieokreślony występuje, gdy dana nazwa pojawia się w wypowiedzi po raz pierwszy, oznacza również dowolny obiekt z pewnego wyodrębnionego zbioru. Przedimek określony pojawia się, gdy dana rzecz jest znana rozmówcom bądź jest na swój sposób wyjątkowa lub dystynktywna. Przedimek zerowy występuje głównie tam, gdzie zasady gramatyczne nie przewidują użycia jednego z dwóch rodzajów przedimka. Wszystkie trzy przedimki mają szeroki zakres użycia idiomatycznego. (pl)
  • Арти́кль (англ. article) — найпопулярніший визначник іменника. В англійській мові існує два артиклі: неозначений і означений. (uk)
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  • 本項では、英語における冠詞(かんし、article)について述べる。 冠詞とは、限定詞の一種で、名詞に付いてその定性を表すものである。英語の冠詞には、定冠詞「the」と不定冠詞「a」「an」があり、場合によっては「some」も不定冠詞として使用されることがある。定冠詞は、聞き手・読み手が(その名詞が指し示す対象)を特定できるという前提で使用される。すなわち、指示対象が明確または常識であるか、同じ文中あるいは先駆ける文の中で触れられており、唯一的に固定可能という状況で使用される。一方、不定冠詞は、聞き手・読み手が指示対象を特定できないという前提で使用され、不特定の要素を会話の中に新たに導入する役割がある。また、名詞句によっては、冠詞が一切使用されないこともある。つまり、英語の冠詞の語法としては、定冠詞、不定冠詞、無冠詞の3種が存在する。 も参照。 (ja)
  • Przedimek w języku angielskim – nieodmienna część mowy w języku angielskim należąca do . Przedimek (ang. article) występuje przed rzeczownikiem lub frazą rzeczownikową i obrazuje stopień znajomości desygnatu przez zarówno autora wypowiedzi, jak i odbiorcę. Są trzy rodzaje przedimków: nieokreślony, określony i zerowy. Przedimek nieokreślony występuje, gdy dana nazwa pojawia się w wypowiedzi po raz pierwszy, oznacza również dowolny obiekt z pewnego wyodrębnionego zbioru. Przedimek określony pojawia się, gdy dana rzecz jest znana rozmówcom bądź jest na swój sposób wyjątkowa lub dystynktywna. Przedimek zerowy występuje głównie tam, gdzie zasady gramatyczne nie przewidują użycia jednego z dwóch rodzajów przedimka. Wszystkie trzy przedimki mają szeroki zakres użycia idiomatycznego. (pl)
  • Арти́кль (англ. article) — найпопулярніший визначник іменника. В англійській мові існує два артиклі: неозначений і означений. (uk)
  • Els articles en anglès són l'article definit the i els articles indefinits a i an. L'article determinat s'utilitza quan el parlant creu que l'oient coneix la identitat del referent del substantiu (perquè és evident, perquè és de coneixement comú, o perquè s'esmentava en la mateixa oració o en una frase anterior). L'article indefinit s'utilitza quan el parlant creu que no cal dir a l'oient la identitat del referent. No s'utilitza cap article en alguns sintagmas nominals. Quan es fa referència a una data concreta, normalment s'utilitza l'article definit the. * Va néixer el 10 de maig. (ca)
  • The articles in English are the definite article the and the indefinite articles a and an. The definite article is used when the speaker believes that the listener knows the identity of the noun's referent (because it is obvious, because it is common knowledge, or because it was mentioned in the same sentence or an earlier sentence). The indefinite article is used when the speaker believes that the listener does not have to be told the identity of the referent. No article is used in some noun phrases. When referring to a particular date, the definite article the is typically used. (en)
  • 영어 관사(article)는 정관사(定冠詞, definite article) 'the'와 부정관사(不定冠詞, indefinite article) 'a'와 'an'이 있다. 정관사는 화자(speaker)가 청자(listener)가 명사의 (referent)을 알고 있다고 생각할 때 사용한다. 즉 '그것은 명백하기 때문에(because it is obvious)', '그것은 상식이기 때문에(because it is common knowledge)', '그것은 같은 문장이나 이전 문장에서 언급되었기 때문에(because it was mentioned in the same sentence or an earlier sentence)'라는 전제를 포함하고 있는 것이다. 부정관사는 청자가 지시대상을 들은 적이 없다고 생각할 때 화자가 사용한다. 일부 명사구(noun phrase)에서는 어떤 관사도 사용하지 않는다. 특정 날짜를 지시할 경우, 정관사 the가 사용된다. * "그는 5월 10일에 태어났다(He was born on the 10th of May.) 그러나 한 주의 어느 한 날을 지시할 때는 부정관사 a(an)이 사용된다. (ko)
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  • Articles en anglès (ca)
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  • 英語の冠詞 (ja)
  • 영어 관사 (ko)
  • Przedimek w języku angielskim (pl)
  • Артикль (англійська мова) (uk)
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